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Follow-Up Strategies for Thyroid Nodules with Benign Cytology on Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration: Malignancy Rates of Management Guidelines Using Ultrasound Before and After the Era of the Bethesda System

Authors
 Jung Hyun Yoon  ;  Hye Sun Lee  ;  Eun-Kyung Kim  ;  Hee Jung Moon  ;  Vivian Youngjean Park  ;  Jin Young Kwak 
Citation
 THYROID, Vol.29(9) : 1227-1236, 2019 
Journal Title
THYROID
ISSN
 1050-7256 
Issue Date
2019
Keywords
Bethesda system ; cytology ; neoplasm ; thyroid ; ultrasound
Abstract
Background: To evaluate differences in malignancy rates and consequent follow-up strategies for cytologically benign thyroid nodules before and after the introduction of the Bethesda system according to the risk stratification categories of four thyroid management guidelines. Methods: This retrospective study was approved by our institutional review board. In this study, 1716 thyroid nodules with initially benign cytologic diagnosis at ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (US-FNA) in 1695 patients were included: 1187 nodules from the pre-Bethesda period and 529 nodules from the post-Bethesda period. Based on US features, the thyroid nodules were categorized into the final assessment categories of the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA), the 2016 American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TIRADS), and the European Thyroid Association guidelines for Ultrasound Malignancy Risk Stratification systems. Estimated malignancy rates before and after propensity score matching according to follow-up intervals were obtained. Results: Of the 1716 thyroid nodules benign on initial US-FNA, the malignancy rate was 3.2% (38 of 1187) in the pre-Bethesda period and 2.6% (14 of 529) in the post-Bethesda period (p = 0.641). The 2015 ATA high suspicion pattern and the ACR-TIRADS category 5 had high estimated malignancy rates of >5% in the post-Bethesda period (6.52 and 8.57, respectively). Positive findings that indicated US-FNA in the ACR-TIRADS had estimated malignancy rates of 5.26 and 5.67, respectively, while the remaining guidelines had estimated malignancy rates of <5% in both periods. Conclusions: Immediate diagnostic intervention after benign cytologic diagnosis may not be necessary regardless of the cytologic criteria applied, but it can be considered for the highly suspicious categories in the 2015 ATA or the ACR-TIRADS for benign cytologic diagnosis of the Bethesda system.
Full Text
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2018.0769
DOI
10.1089/thy.2018.0769
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Radiology (영상의학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Yonsei Biomedical Research Center (연세의생명연구원) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Kwak, Jin Young(곽진영) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6212-1495
Kim, Eun-Kyung(김은경) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3368-5013
Moon, Hee Jung(문희정) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5643-5885
Park, Vivian Youngjean(박영진) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-4058
Yoon, Jung Hyun(윤정현) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2100-3513
Lee, Hye Sun(이혜선) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6328-6948
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/173274
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