The major goals of periodontal therapy is the functional regeneration of periodontal supporting structures
already destructed by periodontal disease as well as the reduction of signs and symptoms of progressive
periodontal disease. There have been many efforts to develop materials and therapeutic methods
to promote periodontal wound healing.
There have been increasing interest on the chitosan made by chitin. Chitin is second only to cellulose
as the most abundant natural biopolymer. It is a structural component of the exoskeleton of invertebrates(
e.g., shrimp, crabs, lobsters), of the cell wall of fungi, and of the cuticle of insects. Chitosan is a
derivative of chitin made by deacetylation of side chains. Many experiments using chitosan in various animal
models have proven its beneficial effects.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the osteogenesis of chitosan on the calvarial critical size defect in
Sprague Dawley rats. An 8 mm surgical defect was produced with a trephine bur in the area of the midsagittal
suture. The rats were divided into two groups: Untreated control group versus experimental
group with 50mg of soluble chitosan gel. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgical
procedure. The specimens were examined by histologic, histomorphometric and radiodensitometric
analyses. The results are as follows:
1. The length of newly formed bone in the defects was 102.91±25.46㎛, 219.46±97.81㎛ at the 2
weeks, 130.95±39.24㎛, 212.39±89.22㎛ at the 4 weeks, 181.53±76.35㎛ and 257.12±51.22㎛ at
the 8 weeks in the control group and experimental group respectively. At all periods, the means of
experimental group was greater than those of control group. But, there was no statistically significant
difference between the two groups.
2. The area of newly formed bone in the defects was 2962.06±1284.48μm2, 5194.88±1247.88㎛2 at
the 2 weeks, 5103.25±1375.88㎛2, 7751.43±2228.20㎛2 at the 4 weeks and 8046.02±818.99㎛2,
15578.57±5606.55㎛2 at the 8 weeks in the control group and experimental group respectively. At
all periods, the means of experimental group was greater than those of control group. The experimental
group showed statistically significant difference to the control group at the 2 and 8 weeks.
3. The density of newly formed bone in the defects was 14.26±6.33%, 27.91±6.65% at the 2 weeks,
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20.06±9.07%, 27.86±8.20% at the 4 weeks and 22.99±3.76%, 32.17±6.38% at the 8 weeks in the
control group and experimental group respectively. At all periods, the means of experimental group
was greater than those of control group. The experimental group showed statistically significant difference
to the control group at the 2 and 8 weeks.