Selection-bias ; evaluate the effectiveness of teaching or studying programs ; fixed effect ; random effect ; unobserved effect
Abstract
This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching or studying programs, and thus to overcome the selection- bias in studies. Selection-bias derived from unobservable characteristics in the course of participants selection of the teaching or studying programs, in the case of cross-section data instrumental variable(IV) method and two stage least square estimation were suggested as an analysis tool. Panel data were analyzed by using both fixed effect in which individual effects are captured by intercept terms and random effect estimation where an unobserved effect can be characterized as being randomly drawn from a given distribution.