Adult ; Aged ; Alveolar Bone Loss/pathology ; Alveolar Bone Loss/surgery* ; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation/methods* ; Biocompatible Materials/therapeutic use ; Bone Matrix/transplantation ; Bone Substitutes/therapeutic use* ; Bone Transplantation/methods* ; Calcium Phosphates/therapeutic use ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla/pathology ; Maxilla/surgery* ; Maxillary Sinus/pathology ; Maxillary Sinus/surgery ; Middle Aged ; Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic/methods ; Osseointegration/drug effects ; Osseointegration/physiology ; Treatment Outcome
Keywords
sinus floor elevation ; bone substitutes ; clinical research ; clinical trials
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated both the clinical and histological aspects of bone formation in maxillary sinus augmentation using MBCP as the bone-grafting material.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: MBCP was used as a primary bone substitute for maxillary sinus augmentation. Fifty-two patients were selected after a medical and dental examination, and were divided into the following three groups: those augmented with MBCP only; MBCP combined with irradiated cancellous bone; and MBCP combined with intraoral autogenous bone. After a healing period (average 6.78 months after surgery), bone cores were harvested for a histological evaluation and the implant fixtures were installed. These bone cores were evaluated via light microscope and implants were followed up for at least six months after loading.
RESULTS: Four to ten months after surgery, new vital bone surrounding the MBCP particles was observed in 18 bone biopsies. Two out of the 130 implants installed were explanted due to a failure of osseointegration before the prosthetic procedure. All the remaining implants were functioning for 6 to 27 months (average 12.96 months). The cumulative survival rate of the implants was 98.46%.
CONCLUSION: These results show that MBCP can be used as a grafting material for sinus floor augmentation, whether combined with other bone graft materials or not, and lead to a predictable prognosis for dental implants in the posterior maxillary area where there is insufficient vertical height for fixture installation.