Endothelial Dysfunction Is Associated With Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors
Mi Jung Lee ; Seung Hyeok Han ; Jung Eun Lee ; Hoon Young Choi ; Chang-Yun Yoon ; Eun Jin Kim ; Jae Hyun Han ; Ji Suk Han ; Hyung Jung Oh ; Jung Tak Park ; Shin-Wook Kang ; Tae-Hyun Yoo
Adult ; Age Factors ; Body Mass Index ; Brachial Artery/physiopathology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis* ; Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneal Dialysis/statistics & numerical data* ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Vasodilation/physiology
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is implicated in increased cardiovascular risk in nondialyzed population. However, the prognostic impact of endothelial dysfunction on cardiovascular outcome has not been investigated in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We prospectively determined endothelial function by brachial artery endothelium-dependent vasodilation (flow-mediated dilation [FMD]) in 143 nondiabetic PD patients and 32 controls. Primary outcome was a major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE). Brachial FMD was significantly lower in PD patients than in controls (2.9% [1.3-4.7] vs 6.2% [5.4-8.3], P < 0.001). During a mean follow-up of 42 months, primary outcome was observed in 25 patients (17.5%). When patients were dichotomized by the median value of FMD (2.9%), incidence rates of MACCEs were significantly higher in the group with lower FMD compared with higher FMD (7.2 vs 3.0/100 person-years, P = 0.03). In multivariate Cox analysis, low FMD (≤2.9%) was a significant independent predictor of MACCEs (hazard ratio = 2.73, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-7.22, P = 0.04). Furthermore, multivariate fractional polynomial analysis showed that the risk of MACCE decreased steadily with higher FMD values. Impaired brachial FMD was a significant independent predictor of MACCEs in PD patients. Estimating endothelial dysfunction by brachial FMD could be useful for stratifying cardiovascular risk in these patients.