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Graft seletion in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction for Smoking Patients

Authors
 Sung-Jae Kim  ;  Su-Keon Lee  ;  Chong Hyuk Choi  ;  Sung-Hwan Kim  ;  Seong-Hun Kim  ;  Min Jung 
Citation
 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, Vol.42(1) : 166-172, 2014 
Journal Title
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
ISSN
 0363-5465 
Issue Date
2014
MeSH
Achilles Tendon/transplantation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction* ; Bone Transplantation/methods* ; Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Grafts ; Disability Evaluation ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Smoking/adverse effects* ; Tendons/transplantation* ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome
Keywords
anterior cruciate ligament ; arthroscopic surgery ; graft ; reconstruction ; risk factor ; smoking
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
There has been no previous study regarding graft selection in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for smoking patients.
PURPOSE:
To compare the clinical outcomes of ACL reconstruction between smokers and nonsmokers and to find an optimal graft in ACL reconstruction with regard to clinical outcomes for smoking patients.
STUDY DESIGN:
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
METHODS:
A total of 487 patients who underwent unilateral ACL reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed. Included patients were divided into 2 groups according to their history of smoking. Group 1 was composed of patients who had never smoked (n = 322), and group 2 consisted of patients who had reported smoking before ACL reconstruction and during rehabilitation (n = 165). Additionally, each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to the selected graft type (bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft, hamstring [semitendinosus-gracilis] tendon autograft, quadriceps tendon-bone autograft, or Achilles tendon-bone allograft). Patients were assessed for knee instability with the Lachman and pivot-shift tests as well as anterior translation measured by the KT-2000 arthrometer. Functional outcomes were evaluated with the Lysholm knee score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, and IKDC objective grade.
RESULTS:
The minimum follow-up period was 24 months. At the final follow-up evaluation, there were significant mean between-group differences regarding the side-to-side difference in anterior translation (group 1, 2.15 ± 1.11 mm; group 2, 2.88 ± 1.38 mm; P < .001), Lysholm knee score (group 1, 90.25 ± 6.18; group 2, 84.79 ± 6.67; P < .001), IKDC subjective score (group 1, 89.16 ± 5.01; group 2, 83.60 ± 7.48; P < .001), and IKDC objective grade (group 1, grade A = 151, B = 130, C = 36, D = 5 patients; group 2, grade A = 48, B = 71, C = 37, D = 9 patients; P < .001). With regard to differences in outcomes between the selected grafts within each group, the Achilles tendon-bone allograft showed the worst outcomes, with statistically significant mean differences for smoking patients in the side-to-side difference in anterior translation (3.59 ± 1.26 mm), Lysholm knee score (81.05 ± 2.82), and IKDC subjective score (79.73 ± 4.29).
CONCLUSION:
Unsatisfactory outcomes with regard to stability and functional scores were shown in the smoking group compared with the nonsmoking group. In smokers, the patients receiving an Achilles tendon-bone allograft had poorer outcomes than those with autografts. The bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft is recommendable for ACL reconstruction in a smoking patient.
Full Text
http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/42/1/166.long
DOI
10.1177/0363546513505191
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery (정형외과학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Kim, Sung Jae(김성재)
Kim, Sung Hwan(김성환) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5743-6241
Jung, Min(정민) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7527-4802
Choi, Chong Hyuk(최종혁) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9080-4904
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/98907
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