Clinical performance of direct composite resin for anterior space closure: A retrospective evaluation

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the clinical performance, survival, and complication patterns of direct composite resin for anterior space closure, addressing a lack of long-term data on this conservative esthetic treatment. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at a university dental hospital (Gangnam Severance) and analyzed 147 restorations in 53 patients. The mean period of follow-up was 7.05 years, ranging from 2 up to 17 years. Results: Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a 96 % cumulative survival rate with failure (n = 6). The most prevalent findings were repairable complications such as marginal discoloration and deterioration of esthetic form, which occurred more frequently over longer follow-up periods, indicating progressive degradation. Conclusions: Direct composite resin restorations for anterior space closure can demonstrate high clinical durability over an extended period. While this minimally invasive approach provides predictable esthetic and functional outcomes, clinicians should be aware of progressive clinical deterioration, particularly regarding marginal discoloration, which underscores the necessity for periodic maintenance. Clinical Significance: This retrospective evaluation indicates that direct composite resin is a viable, minimally invasive option for anterior space closure. Its acceptable survival rate and repairable complication profile suggest it is a practical alternative to more invasive procedures, although the findings highlight the importance of regular clinical monitoring to manage long-term esthetic degradation.