Psychological capital and organizational culture as mediators between workplace bullying type and its consequences for male nurses

Abstract

Background: Workplace bullying among nurses has gained prominence as a crucial societal concern. Although previous studies have examined gender differences in workplace bullying and have often reported no significant differences by gender, research focusing specifically on the experiences of male nurses remains relatively limited. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the impact of workplace bullying types on the consequences and to explore the mediating roles of psychological capital and nursing organizational culture among male nurses. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey with a convenience sample of 175 male nurses. Participants completed a web-based self-administered questionnaire. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine the indirect effects of psychological capital and organizational culture on the relationships between workplace bullying types and their consequences. Results: The type of workplace bullying had a significant direct effect on its consequences and a partial indirect effect via psychological capital. Nursing organizational culture did not significantly mediate this relationship. The model explained 49.7% of the variance in consequences. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the type of workplace bullying directly affects the consequences, and psychological capital partially mediates this relationship. Enhancing psychological capital may help mitigate the negative outcomes of workplace bullying, whereas the nursing organizational culture showed no significant mediating effect.