The Process of Cancer Prevention Behaviors in Individuals at High Risk of Hereditary Cancer: A Grounded Theory Study

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to explore the process of cancer prevention behaviors in individuals at high risk of hereditary cancer in Korea.

Methods: We included 10 adults with pathogenic variants in genes related to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, or familial adenomatous polyposis, but who had never been diagnosed with cancer. Data were collected through in-depth interviews at the cancer prevention center of a tertiary hospital in Korea. Data were analyzed using the grounded theory method proposed by Corbin and Strauss.

Results: 50 concepts, 20 subcategories, and 10 categories were identified. The categories were as follows: (1) identifying genetic vulnerability, (2) facing the risk of cancer, (3) negative emotions caused by the cancer risk-like destiny, (4) support from medical staff and providing information for hereditary cancer, (5) expanding support for medical expenses at the national level, (6) Exploring information on hereditary cancer and cancer prevention, (7) cancer screening for early detection, (8) lifestyle for cancer prevention, (9) risk-reduction surgery to relieve cancer fear, and (10) living with fear and worry. The core category for the process of cancer prevention behavior in individuals at high risk of hereditary cancer was "managing cancer fear".

Conclusion: Person-centered counseling and educational interventions to support cancer prevention in individuals at high risk of hereditary cancer should be developed and should include assessing psychosocial symptoms, including fear of cancer, and managing it. Making an appropriate system for medical expenses should be considered.