We introduced ways to use the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) to investigate the patient safety culture of medical institutions and to properly utilize the results. Specifically, this study compared the characteristics of HSOPSC version 2.0 with version 1.0 and examined how the measurement dimensions were structured from a theoretical perspective. In addition, we reviewed the HSOPSC 2.0 user guide and summarized the points to keep in mind. Furthermore, we introduced how to establish an action plan to improve patient safety culture using the results. Lastly, we presented the experience of one medical institution that actually conducted and utilized a patient safety culture survey using HSOPSC version 2.0. It is expected that these actual cases will increase the possibility of patient safety staff performing their duties. This study can be used to regularly measure patient safety culture in more medical institutions and properly utilize the results.