Ultrasonographic Study of the Submandibular Gland for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection

Abstract

BACKGROUNDHypertrophied submandibular glands provide a bulky contour to the lower face. Botulinum neurotoxin injection methods are commonly used for facial contouring; however, no studies have suggested injection points because of the lack of delicate anatomical information on the submandibular gland.OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to determine the optimal injection site for botulinum neurotoxin injections in the submandibular gland.MATERIALS AND METHODSAnatomical considerations when injecting botulinum neurotoxin into the submandibular gland were determined using ultrasonography. The thickness of the submandibular gland, its depth from the skin surface, and the location of the vascular bundle were observed bilaterally in 42 participants. Two cadavers were dissected to measure the location of the submandibular gland corresponding to the ultrasonographic observation.RESULTSThe thickest part of the submandibular gland measured 11.12 +/- 2.46 in width with a depth of 4.63 +/- 0.76. At the point where it crosses the line of the lateral canthus, it measured 5.53 +/- 1.83 in width and 8.73 +/- 1.64 in depth.CONCLUSIONThe authors suggest optimal injection sites based on external anatomical landmarks. These guidelines aim to maximize the effects of botulinum neurotoxin therapy by minimizing its deleterious effects, which can be useful in clinical settings.