Sonoanatomy of the platysmal bands: What causes the platysmal band?

Abstract

Background: The platysmal band is created by the platysma muscle, a thin superficial muscle that covers the entire neck and the lower part of the face. The platysmal band appears at the anterior and posterior borders of the muscle. To date, no definite pathophysiology has been established. Here, we observed a lack of knowledge of the anatomy of the platysma muscle using ultrasonography in this study. Methods: We conducted a descriptive, prospective study observing the platysmal band in resting and contraction states to reveal muscle changes. Twenty-four participants (aged 23–57 years) with anterior and posterior neck bands underwent ultrasonography in resting and contracted states. Ten cadavers were studied aged 67–85 years to measure the thickness of the platysma muscle at 12 points: horizontally (medial, middle, lateral) and vertically (inferior mandibular margin, hyoid bone, cricoid cartilage, superior margin of clavicle). Results: The anterior and posterior borders of the platysma muscle were thicker than the middle of the platysma muscle when in a contracted state, and the muscle also had a convex shape when contracted. The thickness of the platysma muscle was not significantly different over 12 points in the resting state. During contraction, the platysma muscles contracted in the medial and lateral margins of the muscle, which was more significant in the posterior bands. Conclusion: The anterior and posterior platysmal bands are related to muscle thickness during contraction. These observations support the change in platysmal band treatment only at the anterior and posterior border of the muscle.