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Contrast-Enhanced Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery in Neuroimaging: A Narrative Review on Clinical Applications and Technical Advances

Authors
 Sung Jun Ahn  ;  Toshiaki Taoka  ;  Won-Jin Moon  ;  Shinji Naganawa 
Citation
 JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Vol.56(2) : 341-353, 2022-08 
Journal Title
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
ISSN
 1053-1807 
Issue Date
2022-08
MeSH
Contrast Media* ; Gadolinium ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods ; Meningeal Neoplasms*
Keywords
Meniere's disease ; brain metastasis ; contrast-enhanced-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery ; glymphatic dysfunction ; stroke ; traumatic brain injury
Abstract
While contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) has long been regarded as an adjunct sequence to evaluate leptomeningeal disease in addition to contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging, it is gradually being used for more diverse pathologies beyond leptomeningeal disease. Contrast-enhanced FLAIR is known to be highly sensitive to low concentrations of gadolinium within the fluid. Accordingly, recent research has suggested the potential utility of contrast-enhanced FLAIR in various kinds of disease, such as Meniere's disease, seizure, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and brain metastasis, in addition to being used for visualizing glymphatic dysfunction. However, its potential applications have been reported sporadically in an unorganized manner. Furthermore, the exact mechanism for its superior sensitivity to low concentrations of gadolinium has not been fully understood. Rapidly developing magnetic resonance technology and unoptimized parameters for FLAIR may challenge its accurate application in clinical practice. This review provides the fundamental mechanism of contrast-enhanced FLAIR, systematically describes its current and potential clinical application, and elaborates on technical considerations for its optimization. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 5.
Full Text
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmri.28117
DOI
10.1002/jmri.28117
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Radiology (영상의학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Ahn, Sung Jun(안성준) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0075-2432
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/191864
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