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Differentiation between Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney and Wilms' Tumor with CT

Authors
 Choeum Kang  ;  Hyun Joo Shin  ;  Haesung Yoon  ;  Jung Woo Han  ;  Chuhl Joo Lyu  ;  Mi Jung Lee 
Citation
 KOREAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY, Vol.22(7) : 1185-1193, 2021-07 
Journal Title
KOREAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
ISSN
 1229-6929 
Issue Date
2021-07
Keywords
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney ; Image enhancement ; Pediatric renal tumor ; Peritumoral vessel ; Wilms' tumor
Abstract
Objective: Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is the second-most common but extremely rare primary renal malignancy in children after Wilms' tumor. The aims of this study were to evaluate the imaging features that could distinguish between CCSK and Wilms' tumor and to assess the features with diagnostic value for identifying CCSK.

Materials and methods: We reviewed the initial contrast-enhanced abdominal-pelvic CT scans of children with CCSK and Wilms' tumor between 2010 to 2019. Fifty-eight children (32 males and 26 females; age, 0.3-10 years), 7 with CCSK, and 51 with Wilms' tumor, were included. The maximum tumor diameter, presence of engorged perinephric vessels, maximum density of the tumor (Tmax) of the enhancing solid portion, paraspinal muscle, contralateral renal vein density, and density ratios (Tmax/muscle and Tmax/vein) were analyzed on the renal parenchymal phase of contrast-enhanced CT. Fisher's exact tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to analyze the categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were also performed.

Results: The age, sex, and tumor diameter did not differ between the two groups. Engorged perinephric vessels were more common in patients in the CCSK group (71% [5/7] vs. 16% [8/51], p = 0.005). Tmax (median, 148.0 vs. 111.0 Hounsfield unit, p = 0.004), Tmax/muscle (median, 2.64 vs. 1.67, p = 0.002), and Tmax/vein (median, 0.94 vs. 0.59, p = 0.002) were higher in the CCSK compared to the Wilms' group. Multiple logistic regression revealed that engorged vessels (odds ratio 13.615; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.770-104.730) and Tmax/muscle (odds ratio 5.881; 95% CI, 1.337-25.871) were significant predictors of CCSK. The cutoff values of Tmax/muscle (86% sensitivity, 77% specificity) and Tmax/vein (71% sensitivity, 86% specificity) for the diagnosis of CCSK were 1.97 and 0.76, respectively.

Conclusion: Perinephric vessel engorgement and greater tumor enhancement (Tmax/muscle > 1.97 or Tmax/vein > 0.76) are helpful for differentiating between CCSK and Wilms' tumor in children aged below 10 years.
Files in This Item:
T202103205.pdf Download
DOI
10.3348/kjr.2020.0882
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Pediatrics (소아과학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Radiology (영상의학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Shin, Hyun Joo(신현주) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-2609
Lyu, Chuhl Joo(유철주) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-7818
Yoon, Haesung(윤혜성) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0581-8656
Lee, Mi-Jung(이미정) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3244-9171
Han, Jung Woo(한정우) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8936-1205
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/184590
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