Oral-Gut Microbiome Axis in Gastrointestinal Disease and Cancer
Authors
Se-Young Park ; Byeong-Oh Hwang ; Mihwa Lim ; Seung-Ho Ok ; Sun-Kyoung Lee ; Kyung-Soo Chun ; Kwang-Kyun Park ; Yinling Hu ; Won-Yoon Chung ; Na-Young Song
GI cancer ; GI disease ; gut microbiome ; oral microbiome ; oral–gut microbiome axis
Abstract
It is well-known that microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with numerous diseases in the human body. The oral cavity and gut are the two largest microbial habitats, playing a major role in microbiome-associated diseases. Even though the oral cavity and gut are continuous regions connected through the gastrointestinal tract, the oral and gut microbiome profiles are well-segregated due to the oral-gut barrier. However, the oral microbiota can translocate to the intestinal mucosa in conditions of the oral-gut barrier dysfunction. Inversely, the gut-to-oral microbial transmission occurs as well in inter- and intrapersonal manners. Recently, it has been reported that oral and gut microbiomes interdependently regulate physiological functions and pathological processes. Oral-to-gut and gut-to-oral microbial transmissions can shape and/or reshape the microbial ecosystem in both habitats, eventually modulating pathogenesis of disease. However, the oral-gut microbial interaction in pathogenesis has been underappreciated to date. Here, we will highlight the oral-gut microbiome crosstalk and its implications in the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal disease and cancer. Better understanding the role of the oral-gut microbiome axis in pathogenesis will be advantageous for precise diagnosis/prognosis and effective treatment.