Association Between Prostate Cancer and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 Levels: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007−2008 Results

Abstract

Purpose: To report an association between prostate cancer and vitamin D levels among different races in a single population in the United States. Materials and Methods: We investigated whether there was an association between vitamin D level and prostate cancer in different races in the United States. We used data collected from 1,363 men during the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2008. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent associations between vitamin D levels (not only 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], but also 25(OH)D2 and D3) and prostate cancer. Association between vitamin D levels and prostate specific antigen level was also analyzed in non-Hispanic white males without prostate cancer. Results: Older age was significantly associated with prostate cancer in all races (p＜0.05), whereas vitamin D (p=0.024), especially 25(OH)D2 (p=0.027) was significantly higher only in non-Hispanic white males. There was no difference in vitamin D levels between non-Hispanic white males with a prostate specific antigen concentration ＞3 ng/mL and ≤3 ng/mL. Conclusions: This study revealed a positive association between vitamin D, especially 25(OH)D2, and prostate cancer only in non-Hispanic white males. And vitamin D was not associated with prostate specific antigen level causing detection bias.