Varicella zoster virus causes chickenpox, which is highly contagious, at primary infection and herpes zoster at reactivation. The varicella zoster virus may be more contagious and cause serious outbreaks in immunocompromised patients. There are some reports of outbreaks of chickenpox in patients with herpes zoster. Here, we describe a case of localized herpes zoster occurring in an immunocompromised patient during hospitalization in a specialized ward for immunocompromised patients. This episode resulted in two newly developed, hospital-acquired cases of chickenpox. If we had isolated the index patient who had localized herpes zoster immediately, the two cases of chickenpox could have been prevented. Therefore, patients with localized herpes zoster should be isolated in wards with immunocompromised patients.