Mechanical Thrombectomy in Subtypes of Basilar Artery Occlusion: Relationship to Recanalization Rate and Clinical Outcome

Abstract

Background Acute stroke because of basilar artery occlusion (BAO) represents 1% of all ischemic strokes. However, recanalization rates and treatment outcome for the different pathologic subtypes of BAO stroke are not fully understood. Purpose To compare the recanalization rate and clinical outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy in different subtypes of BAO. Materials and Methods Eighty-two patients (46 men and 36 women; mean age, 73 years; age range, 20-90 years; mean age in men, 70 years [age range, 20-90 years]; mean age in women, 75 years [age range; 61-90 years]) with acute BAO who underwent mechanical thrombectomy between March 2010 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were classified into three groups: embolism without vertebral artery (VA) steno-occlusion (group 1), embolism from tandem VA steno-occlusion (group 2), and in situ atherosclerotic thrombosis (group 3). Clinical and angiographic characteristics, recanalization rate, procedure times, and clinical outcomes were compared between groups by using the Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson χ2, and Fisher exact tests. Results The incidence of BAO according to stroke mechanism were as follows: group 1, n = 34 (41%); group 2, n = 28 (34%), group 3, n = 20 (24%). Overall, successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grade 2b or 3) was achieved in 78% (64 of 82) and favorable outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale score, 0-2) in 37% (30 of 82) of the patients. The procedure time was shorter in group 1 than in group 2 (49 vs 66 minutes, respectively; P = .01). Group 1 showed a higher successful recanalization rate than group 3 (29 of 34 [85%] vs 11 of 20 [55%], respectively; P = .01). Good clinical outcome rate was higher in group 1 than in group 3 (18 of 34 [53%] vs four of 20 [20%], respectively; P = .02). Conclusion The outcome of mechanical thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion differs according to the pathologic mechanism of stroke; the best outcomes and recanalization rate occurred in patients with embolism without vertebral artery steno-occlusion.