Soft tissue ; Horizontal reference plane ; Orthognathic surgery
Abstract
"This study was performed to evaluate soft tissue cephalometric norms for Korean adults which can be implemented in surgical orthodontic
treatment planning using selected horizontal reference plane especially for Koreans (Male: SN-7.5, Female: SN-9.0) and a simplified
analytical method.
70 males and 70 females consisting of freshmen of Yonsei University from 1996 to 1997 and students from the Dental College of
Yonsei University were chosen according to clinical examination and cephalometric analysis. The samples had normal profiles, normal
anteroposterior skeletal relationship(ANB angle of 0to 4and Wits appraisal of -4.0mm to 0mm), and Class I molar and canine relationship.
They had no missing or supernumerary teeth and had no experience of orthodontic or prosthetic treatment. After the selection
of 15 soft tissue landmarks and the construction of horizontal and vertical reference lines, 25 measurements were taken. These
consisted of vertical and horizontal linear measurements and angular measurements. The results were as follows.
1. Mean and standard deviation of the measurements were calculated in males and females.
2. Vertical measurements were comparably bigger in males than females whereas anterior facial height ratio(sN-Sn/Sn-sMe) and lower
anterior facial height ratio(Sn-Stms/Stmi-sMe) showed no significant difference between sexes.
3. Most of the horizontal measurements in relation to the vertical reference line(G-perpendicular) showed no significant difference
between sexes.
4. Nasofacial angle, columellar angle, nasolabial angle and facial contour angle showed no significant difference between sexes.
5. The upper and lower lip were positioned about -1.0±2.0mm and +1.0±2.0mm in relation to the Ricketts’esthetic line in both
sexes.
In this study, soft tissue cephalometric norms of Korean adults for orthognathic surgery were obtained."