1890년대 대만과 일본의 페스트 유행과 제국의학 지식의 형성

Abstract

The plague in Taiwan was the first plague in the Japanese Empire and was a crisis and opportunity that could determine the fate of the empire. With the plague in Taiwan, the Japanese government sent medical professors and soldiers from Tokyo Imperial University College of Medicine to Taiwan instead of sending out Kitasato Shibasaburo(1852-1931), which had been controversial with the plague"s dyeing method. They found out about the verification of Kitasato’s faults, and the transmission of plague by rat fleas. The Japanese government accumulated the knowledge needed in Imperial medicine through research activities in Taiwan. But knowledge of imperialism was not immediately implemented or utilized in the colonies. Since the plague epidemic in Taiwan, the Contagious Disease Prevention Rule in Taiwan included plague ahead of Japan in 1896. Goto Shimpei(1857-1929), who took office as the head of the Taiwan Government General"s Civil Affairs Bureau, opposed to extensionism, and sought to actively utilize autonomous organizations such as Baojia(a community based self defense and autonomous system). Goto no longer clung to idealistic quarantine policies, wanted to strengthen the authority of the Government-General in Taiwan and face up to the reality of the colony. Goto and Kitasato are important people who can explain the growth of Imperial medicine. Goto led the administration of hygiene in the Empire and the colony by serving as the Minister of Internal Affairs and Taiwan"s Minister of Public Affairs and Government, while Kitasato is a world-renowned bacteriologist representing Japan, accumulating knowledge of Japan and the colony. In the 1870s in Japan, Goto proposed a “health police doctor,” a prototype of a sanitary police, and proposed an ideal model with professional knowledge. But in the colonial Taiwan, Goto tried to build a social system with Baojia system under police command. Kitasato faced the danger of being kicked out of the scientific community because of his desire to earn the reputation of being the first plague-discover, but was back in the field due to his ability to contribute to the spread and spread of bacterial knowledge. It is true, however, that Kitasato played a leading role in the establishment and development of the first knowledge, but the knowledge was not one-way to the home country and the colonies. Kitasato was constantly in competition with medical researchers from Tokyo Imperial University, and he had to continue to compete and compromise in colonial quarantine and real politics. The knowledge of the empire"s medicine surrounding the plague remained likely to be transformed and refracted in the competition with colonial medicine.