해방 전후기 의료계의 의학인식과 사립병원의 발전 : 재단법인 백병원을 중심으로

Abstract

This paper focuses on identifying the status of Paik Hospital in the Korean modern hospital. Although Japanese colonial authorities was established centering on public hospital system, social conflicts such as lack of medical personnel, disruption of hospital facilities, disparity between urban and rural areas due to medical commercialization, and gap between rich and poor have been amplified. Since the collapse of the Japanese colonial rule, Korean society has not been able to resolve these social conflicts. As the two Koreas have been under the influence of the US and the Soviet Union, and each has entered into a separate regime, they have sought to construct different nations and medical systems. In the social disruption and demands of national reconstruction after the Liberation, Dr. Paik Inje sought measures for national reconstruction in various ways. His activities were in the fields of economy, culture, politics, and medicine. He established Korea Industrial Promotion Co., Ltd., became involved in the trade business, and opened the Suseon Company and Suseon Bookshop to contribute to the improvement of publishing culture. He ran for a member of South Korean Constitutional Assembly in 1948. In the field of medicine, the activities of Dr. Paik Inje to prepare for the construction of a new nation and the creation of a new culture reached its peak with the founding of Korea s first incorporated foundation, Paik Hospital, and this corresponds to the first case of incorporating individual private property. I believe that the result of the establishment of Paik Hospital was not a sudden decision after the Liberation but rather the personal ideal of establishing a general hospital in the 1930s and 1940s and the medical perception of the medical profession as the overcoming of medical commercialization and the strengthening of medical publicity . Although it was a very idealistic idea to build a general hospital in a harsh medical environment before and after the Liberation, it received a lot of support from medical professionals. It was because of the expectation that the construction of general hospitals could prevent the medical commercialization and strengthen the medical publicity to some extent. After the Liberation, North Korea established a socialist state medical system, while South Korea accepted the American medical system, but the central system of national hospitals did not change much. Private hospitals with a certain size or more after the Liberation were only Seoul Women s Medical College Hospital, Gyeongjeon Hospital, and Paik Hospital. Paik Hospital was able to acquire the nearby residential houses and expand to a maximum of 100 beds. Paik Hospital was not simply to expand the physical hospital space, but to incorporate a private hospital in Korea for the first time.