Restless legs syndrome and tension-type headache: a population-based study

Pil-Wook Chung; Soo-Jin Cho; Won-Joo Kim; Kwang Ik Yang; Chang-Ho Yun; Min Kyung Chu

doi:10.1186/s10194-017-0754-x

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Restless legs syndrome and tension-type headache: a population-based study

Authors: Pil-Wook Chung ; Soo-Jin Cho ; Won-Joo Kim ; Kwang Ik Yang ; Chang-Ho Yun ; Min Kyung Chu

Citation: JOURNAL OF HEADACHE AND PAIN, Vol.18(1) : 47, 2017

Journal Title: JOURNAL OF HEADACHE AND PAIN

ISSN: 1129-2369

Issue Date: 2017

MeSH: Adult ; Aged ; Anxiety/diagnosis ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Depression/diagnosis ; Depression/epidemiology ; Depressive Disorder/diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Population Surveillance* ; Prevalence ; Random Allocation ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Restless Legs Syndrome/diagnosis* ; Restless Legs Syndrome/epidemiology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tension-Type Headache/diagnosis* ' ; Tension-Type Headache/epidemiology*

Keywords: Anxiety ; Depression ; Restless legs syndrome ; Tension-type headache

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown a significant association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and primary headache disorders. Nevertheless, information regarding the association between tension-type headache (TTH) and RLS is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between RLS and TTH in a population-based sample.

METHODS: We selected a stratified random population sample of Koreans aged 19-69 years and assessed them using a semi-structured interview designed to identify RLS, headache type, and clinical characteristics of TTH. We determined the prevalence and clinical impact of RLS in participants with TTH.

RESULTS: Of the 2695 participants, 570 (21.2%) and 142 (5.3%) were classified as having TTH and RLS, respectively. Among the 570 individuals with TTH, 113 (19.8%) also met the criteria for probable migraine (PM). The prevalence of RLS was significantly higher among individuals with TTH than among those with non-headache (6.0% vs 3.6%, p = 0.018). The prevalence of RLS was significantly higher in subjects with TTH who fulfilled PM criteria than in those with non-headache participants (8.0% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.018). However, RLS prevalence in individuals with TTH who did not fulfil PM criteria did not differ from that of participants with non-headache (5.5% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.063). TTH participants with RLS had higher visual analogue scale scores for headache intensity (5.1 ± 2.0 vs. 4.3 ± 1.8, p = 0.038), and higher prevalence of anxiety (20.6% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.022) and depression (14.7% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.002) than TTH participants without RLS. Multivariable analyses revealed that headache aggravation by movement (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-5.2) and depression (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.1-11.4) were significant indicators of RLS among individuals with TTH.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of RLS was higher among individuals with TTH than among those with non-headache. Some clinical presentations varied in accordance with the presence of RLS among participants with TTH.