중국인삼'의 실체에 대한 비판적 고찰 : 이마무라 토모(今村병)의 학설을 중심으로

Abstract

Studies Generally, it is believed that the ancient ‘Chinese jinseng’ did exist due to the fact that it is clearly recorded in the Chinese historical and medicine-related sources. Although it is hard to deny that such ‘ginseng’ did exist in ancient China, the re-examination of its true nature is also necessary. In other words, certain refutation can be made against the claim that ancient ‘Chinese jinseng’ was in fact ‘眞人參’(Panax ginseng C. A. Mey), since the Chinese jinseng accounts do not tell that it is such. For example, when looking into its shape based on descriptions, the ‘Chinese jinseng’ has black seed hairy stem, and violet flower, ‘眞人參’, on the other hand, has opal seed, no-hair stem, and light-green flower. In terms of cultivation centre, most of mainland China is unsuitable for jinseng production with the exception of the Shangdang area of Shanxi province, which solely had the reputation of being the production centre of ancient ‘Chinese jinseng’. However, when looking into the Chinese sources for jinseng-producing areas they show that Hepei and Liaoning province and Jiangnan (south of the Yangtze river) areas also have had some jinseng-related history. Regardless of such instance, these regions did not cultivate 眞人參. As shown above, ancient ‘Chinese jinseng’ was far from being identical, in respect to its shape or production areas, to 眞人參. Hence, this study came to the conclusion that there is indeed very high skepticism about whether the true nature of ‘jinseng’ in ancient China was in fact 眞人參. On the contrary, there is higher possibility that the ancient ‘Chinese jinseng’ is totally different plant from 眞人參, which is actually 黨參(=蔓蔘 Codonopsis pilosula). When examining the shape and production areas of Codonopsis pilosula, it is closely matched with many parts of ancient ‘Chinese jinseng’ texts. In short, it is presumed that the ‘Chinese jinseng’ did indeed exist in ancient China but it was Codonopsis pilosula instead of 眞人參.