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Health Risk Assessment of Lead Ingestion Exposure by Particle Sizes in Crumb Rubber on Artificial Turf Considering Bioavailability

Authors
 Sunduk Kim  ;  Ji-Yeon Yang  ;  Ho-Hyun Kim  ;  In-Young Yeo  ;  Dong-Chun Shin  ;  Young-Wook Lim 
Citation
 Environmental Health and Toxicology, Vol.27 : 20120005, 2012 
Journal Title
Environmental Health and Toxicology
ISSN
 2093-6400 
Issue Date
2012
Keywords
Artificial turf ; Bioavailability ; Crumb rubber ; Exposure assessment ; Lead
Abstract
Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of ingestion exposure of lead by particle sizes of crumb rubber in artificial turf filling material with consideration of bioavailability.

Methods : This study estimated the ingestion exposure by particle sizes (more than 250 um or less than 250 um) focusing on recyclable ethylene propylene diene monomer crumb rubber being used as artificial turf filling. Analysis on crumb rubber was conducted using body ingestion exposure estimate method in which total content test method, acid extraction method and digestion extraction method are reflected. Bioavailability which is a calibrating factor was reflected in ingestion exposure estimate method and applied in exposure assessment and risk assessment. Two methods using acid extraction and digestion extraction concentration were compared and evaluated.

Results : As a result of the ingestion exposure of crumb rubber material, the average lead exposure amount to the digestion extraction result among crumb rubber was calculated to be 1.56×10-4 mg/kg-day for low grade elementary school students and 4.87×10-5 mg/kg-day for middle and high school students in 250 um or less particle size, and that to the acid extraction result was higher than the digestion extraction result. Results of digestion extraction and acid extraction showed that the hazard quotient was estimated by about over 2 times more in particle size of lower than 250 um than in higher than 250 um. There was a case of an elementary school student in which the hazard quotient exceeded 0.1.

Conclusions : Results of this study confirm that the exposure of lead ingestion and risk level increases as the particle size of crumb rubber gets smaller.
Files in This Item:
T201200302.pdf Download
DOI
10.5620/eht.2012.27.e2012005
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Research Institute (부설연구소) > 1. Journal Papers
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Preventive Medicine (예방의학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
4. Graduate School of Public Health (보건대학원) > Graduate School of Public Health (보건대학원) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Kim, Ho Hyen(김호현)
Shin, Dong Chun(신동천) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4252-2280
Yang, Ji Yeon(양지연)
Lim, Young Wook(임영욱) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8845-2850
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/92523
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