Increased cardiovascular disease risk among adolescent and young adult survivors of cervical cancer

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adolescent and young adult survivors of cervical cancer. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cervical cancer survivors (n=7,803) were matched with non-cancer controls (n=23,327) using 1:3 propensity score matching, and hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD were determined using Cox regression models. Multivariable Cox regressions were used to assess CVD incidence according to cancer treatment and identify risk factors. Results: A total of 7,803 AYA survivors with cervical cancer were analyzed in this study during a median 8.9 years of follow-up. They developed any CVD with an adjusted HR of 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.33-1.62) compared with the non-cancer controls. Those who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy had markedly elevated risks of heart failure (subHR=2.66; 95% CI=1.24-5.72), ischemic heart disease (subHR=1.78, 95% CI=1.11-2.86), deep vein thrombosis (subHR=15.32; 95% CI=9.16-25.63), and pulmonary embolism (subHR=14.99; 95% CI=6.31-35.62). Diabetes, hypertension and chemoradiation therapy were identified as potential risk factors that increase the risk of CVD by 1.55-fold, 1.62-fold and 2.64-fold, respectively. Conclusion: These findings indicate a need to pay increased attention to cardiovascular health management in adolescent and young adult cervical cancer survivors, particularly those treated with chemoradiotherapy.