Assessment of Preprocedural Factors Associated with 5-Year Complete Response After Transarterial Radioembolization in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Abstract

Background: There is little evidence available regarding the long-term tumor response after transarterial radioembolization (TARE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aim: To identify preprocedural predictive factors for achieving a 5-year complete response (CR) following TARE in patients with HCC. Methods: This retrospective study included 37 patients with treatment-naïve HCC who underwent TARE between January 2016 and December 2019 and were followed for at least 5 years. Tumor characteristics-including maximum diameter, number of main lesions, presence of satellite nodules, and portal vein thrombosis-were evaluated using preprocedural liver dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment response was assessed according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with tumor response following TARE. Results: Thirty-seven patients (median age, 64 years) were categorized into two groups: (1) the CR group (n = 9), consisting of patients without tumor recurrence for 5 years and without additional treatment; and (2) the non-CR group (n = 28), consisting of patients who required additional treatment because of residual or recurrent viable tumors. Tumors in the non-CR group had significantly larger diameters compared with those in the CR group (9.8 cm vs. 5.9 cm, p = 0.006). In multivariable analysis, a tumor diameter > 7 cm was the only factor significantly associated with tumor recurrence (odds ratio = 21.277, p = 0.010). Portal vein thrombosis did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio = 9.779, p = 0.063). Conclusions: Tumor diameter > 7 cm is a significant predictor of tumor recurrence within 5 years after TARE for HCC. This finding may support a more individualized post-TARE management approach, potentially allowing clinicians to avoid overtreatment and adopt a watchful waiting strategy for selected patients.