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Biofluorescence imaging as a valid alternative for dental calculus detection

Authors
 Sun-Young Lee  ;  Hyung-Suk Lee  ;  Eun-Song Lee  ;  Hoi-In Jung  ;  Baek-Il Kim 
Citation
 PHOTODIAGNOSIS AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY, Vol.55 : 104738, 2025-10 
Journal Title
PHOTODIAGNOSIS AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY
ISSN
 1572-1000 
Issue Date
2025-10
MeSH
1
Keywords
Adult ; Dental Calculus* / diagnosis ; Dental Calculus* / diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Optical Imaging* / methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Abstract
Biofluorescence imaging; Calculus detection; Color difference; Dental calculus; Red biofluorescence
Article Number
 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104738 
DOI
Background: Dental calculus is a major contributor to periodontal disease, and its effective removal depends on accurate detection. This study aimed to evaluate the detectability of dental calculus using quantitative biofluorescence imaging (BFI) and to assess its diagnostic accuracy compared to white-light imaging (WLI) and conventional visual-tactile (VT) examination. Methods: Ten adults were enrolled, and 100 tooth surfaces from the buccal side of maxillary molars and the ligual side of mandibular anterior teeth were examined at three sites (mesial, central, distal), yielding 300 sites. After excluding 15 unsuitable sites, 285 were analyzed. Each site was imaged using WLI and BFI with a biofluorescence-enabled intraoral camera (Qraypen CⓇ, AIOBIO, Korea). VT examination served as the reference standard, and sites were categorized as No calculus, Initial calculus, or Advanced calculus. Color difference (ΔE) and red biofluorescence intensity (ΔR) were measured. Diagnostic accuracy, including sensitivity, specificity, false-positive, and false-negative rates, was compared between imaging modalities. Results: BFI showed significantly higher ΔE values than WLI, with values increasing by calculus severity (p < 0.001). ΔR also rose with accumulation: 2.75% (No calculus), 6.06% (Initial), 15.58% (Advanced). Detection accuracy improved with WLI + BFI versus WLI alone: sensitivity (0.84 vs. 0.61), specificity (1.00 vs. 0.91), and false-negative rate (16.1% vs. 38.7%). Conclusion: Biofluorescence imaging enables more distinct detection of dental calculus than white-light imaging, with higher sensitivity and specificity. This method not only identifies calculus presence but also allows quantitative assessment of its accumulation, enhancing diagnostic accuracy.
Appears in Collections:
2. College of Dentistry (치과대학) > Dept. of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health (예방치과학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
2. College of Dentistry (치과대학) > Others (기타) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Kim, Baek Il(김백일) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8234-2327
Lee, Eun Song(이은송) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-4783
Jung, Hoi In(정회인) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1978-6926
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/207437
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