Effects of digital interventions on neuroplasticity and brain function of individuals with developmental disabilities: A systematic review

Abstract

Developmental disabilities (DDs) impact individuals' cognitive, psychological, and motor functions, and result in specific neural differences. Interventions to enhance neuroplasticity are important for this population. This review examined relevant existing studies to understand the effects of digital interventions on neuroplasticity and neural functions of individuals with DDs. A systematic review was conducted on PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus databases. Studies that focused on digital interventions to enhance neuroplasticity of individuals with DDs and used neuroimaging methods to evaluate effectiveness were included. The results of the current review were synthesized based on Roy's adaptation model. Of 3433 retrieved studies, 37 were included. The included studies used cognitive training, neuromodulation, and social cognitive training integrated with digital devices such as a computer, mobile app, or virtual reality. Neuroimaging results after digital interventions demonstrated changes in brain wave patterns and increased activation in certain regions. Behavioral assessments exhibited significant improvements including attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, attention, emotional recognition, and social skills. Digital interventions may enhance neural functions and neuroplasticity in individuals with DDs. Further studies with diverse methodologies and a broader spectrum of DDs are essential to fully understand the potential of digital interventions in neurodevelopmental challenges among the population.