Cross-Cultural Translation and Face Validity of the Korean Version of the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (K-LEAF-Q)

Abstract

PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a Korean version of the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) by translating the original English version into Korean using cross-cultural translation guidelines and conducting a face validity assessment. METHODS Following structured cross-cultural translation guidelines, a provisional final version (Pre-K-LEAF-Q) was created through initial translation, synthesis of initial translations, back translation, synthesis of back translations, and expert committee review. Additionally, its face validity was tested with 30 female participants. RESULTS After completing the translation process, the expert committee comprehensively compared each translation to finalize the Pre-K-LEAF-Q. This version was crafted to ensure semantic, idiomatic, experiential, and conceptual equivalence. Among the 30 females who participated, three noted that certain phrases were unclear or awkwardly expressed. The expert committee reviewed these five comments from the face validity test and modified three of the phrases. CONCLUSIONS The K-LEAF-Q was developed through cross-cultural translation and face validity testing to suit the cultural and linguistic context of Korea. It is expected to be a valuable tool for Korean female athletes.