Sex differences in the association between social jetlag and hazardous alcohol consumption in Korean workers: A nationwide cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Social jetlag, the misalignment between biological and social rhythms, can lead to adverse health outcomes. This study explored the association between social jetlag and hazardous alcohol consumption, as well as the sex differences in this association. Methods: This study included a nationally representative sample of Korean workers consisting of 11,462 individuals (5479 women). Social jetlag was calculated as the difference in the mid-point between sleep onset and offset on free days and workdays. Hazardous alcohol consumption was determined using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test–Consumption (range 0–12), with a cutoff of ≥6 for men, ≥5 for women, and ≥3 for those aged ≥65. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Among men, 599 out of 5983 individuals (10.0 %) had ≥120 min of social jetlag. Among women, 550 out of 5479 individuals (10.0 %) had ≥120 min of social jetlag. The prevalence of hazardous alcohol use was 56.2 % for men and 27.3 % for women. In the regression analysis, there was a significant sex interaction, where social jetlag ≥120 min was associated with hazardous alcohol consumption in female workers (OR: 1.52, 95 % CI: 1.18–1.96), but not in male workers (OR: 1.04, 95 % CI: 0.84–1.29). Conclusion: High social jetlag was associated with an increased likelihood of hazardous alcohol consumption among women. Our findings underscore the importance of considering sex differences in future research and policy interventions regarding social jetlag and its associated behavior outcomes.