Combined distalization and lingual cortex remodeling during mandibular growth for facial profile improvement: a case report

Abstract

Borderline crowding poses a challenge in deciding whether or not to prescribe premolar extraction. This case report describes the two-phase nonextraction orthodontic treatment of an 11-year-old girl with a hyperdivergent skeletal Class I pattern exhibiting anterior crowding and moderate lip protrusion. The initial phase of treatment included maxillary and mandibular expansion to correct the transverse discrepancy as an early intervention. Subsequently, comprehensive treatment was initiated at the age of 13 years, with fully erupted permanent second molars and growth potential remaining. Phase II treatment involved a second round of maxillary expansion, followed by simultaneous bimaxillary total arch intrusive distalization, using interradicular, temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct dental crowding and improve the facial profile. Although the limited retromolar space posed a challenge to mandibular tooth distalization, gradual bone remodeling was observed in the lingual cortex of the mandibular body, enabling sufficient orthodontic tooth movement without noticeable side effects. After 4 years 3 months of treatment, her dental crowding was relieved, with significant improvement in the facial profile and proper occlusion. The treatment outcomes remained stable 2 years 4 months after retention.