Parent-Offspring Associations of Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics: Findings From the 2014 to 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Studies have reported the strength of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics in parent-offspring relationships. This study aimed to describe the sex-specific associations between CVH in parents and adult offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was conducted on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set, which analyzed trios of mother-father-child, with the child's age from 20 to 39 years. To use the nature of sampling design, survey weighting was applied to all our analyses. Ideal CVH was defined as a cluster of at least 5 ideal individual CVH metrics. We examined the association between parents and their adult offspring regarding clustering CVH and individual CVH metrics through odds ratios and 95% CIs using multiple logistic regression with standard errors adjusted for within-family clustering. The study included 1267 married couples comprising 748 sons and 819 daughters. After adjusting for household income and offspring's sex, age, education, and alcohol consumption, an offspring with either parent attaining a nonideal CVH was 3.52 times more likely to have nonideal CVH. Fathers' nonideal CVH was significantly positively associated with the daughters' nonideal CVH. Maternal nonideal CVH was significantly positively associated with the son's nonideal CVH. When analyzing individual CVH metrics, ideal status in fathers or mothers reduced the likelihood of their offspring having a nonideal status. CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study showed positive and differential associations of CVH and its components between parents' and offsprings' nonideal status. Our hypothesis-generating results suggest the relevance of using CVH as a composite indicator in family-centered approaches and heart-health interventions.