Platelet Membrane‐Enclosed Bioorthogonal Catalysis for Combating Dental Caries

Abstract

Platelets have shown promise as a means to combat bacterial infections, fostering the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. However, several challenges persist, including cargo loading issues, limited efficacy against biofilms, and concerns regarding the impact of payloads on the platelet carriers. Here, human platelet membrane vesicles (<jats:italic>h</jats:italic>‐PMVs) encapsulating supramolecular metal catalysts (SMCs) as “nanofactories” to convert prodrugs into antimicrobial compounds within close proximity to bacteria are introduced. Having established the feasibility and effectiveness of the SMCs within <jats:italic>h</jats:italic>‐PMVs, referred to as the PLT‐reactor, to activate pro‐antibiotic drugs (pro‐ciprofloxacin and pro‐moxifloxacin) using model organisms (<jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> ATCC 25922 and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</jats:italic> ATCC 25923), the investigation is subsequently extended to oral biofilms, with a particular emphasis on <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans</jats:italic> 3065. This “bind and kill” strategy demonstrates the potent antimicrobial specificity of the PLT‐reactor through localized antibiotic production. <jats:italic>h</jats:italic>‐PMVs play a pivotal role by enabling precise targeting of pathogenic biofilms on natural teeth while minimizing potential hemolytic effects. The finding indicates that platelet membrane‐cloaked surfaces exhibit robust, multifaceted, and pathogen‐specific binding affinity with excellent biocompatibility, making them a promising alternative to antibody‐based therapies for infectious diseases.