Complications, treatments, and visual prognosis of choroidal osteomas

Abstract

Purpose This study aims to report complications, treatments, and visual prognosis of choroidal osteoma. Methods We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records and multimodal images of 41 patients with choroidal osteoma. Results Visually significant complications included choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in 21 (47.7%) eyes and subretinal fluid (SRF) without CNV in 14 (31.8%) eyes. The most common treatment was intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection: 13 (61.9%) eyes with CNV received an average of 6.3 injections, and 6 (42.9%) eyes with SRF but without CNV received 1.8 injections. As the first-line treatment, intravitreal anti-VEGF injection induced complete or partial remission in 93.4% of eyes with CNV and 57.1% of eyes with SRF. The probability of legally low vision estimated at 3 and at 5 years was 29.1% and 34.2%, respectively. The presence of CNV and outer retinal tubulation (ORT) was independent risk factors for vision loss (adjusted odds ratio, 8.08 and 6.94, respectively). Conclusions The development of CNV and ORT was strong risk factors for visual impairment. Due to the frequent recurrence of complications and poor visual prognosis, regular check-ups and appropriate treatment choices are warranted.