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Weight Loss Trajectories and Related Factors in a 16-Week Mobile Obesity Intervention Program: Retrospective Observational Study

Authors
 Ho Heon Kim  ;  Youngin Kim  ;  Andreas Michaelides  ;  Yu Rang Park 
Citation
 JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH, Vol.24(4) : e29380, 2022-04 
Journal Title
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
ISSN
 1439-4456 
Issue Date
2022-04
MeSH
Body-Weight Trajectory* ; Humans ; Mobile Applications* ; Obesity / therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Weight Loss
Keywords
adherence ; behavior management ; clustering ; mHealth ; machine learning ; mobile app ; mobile health ; mobile phone ; obesity ; outcomes ; prediction ; time series analysis ; weight loss ; weight management
Abstract
Background: In obesity management, whether patients lose ≥5% of their initial weight is a critical factor in clinical outcomes. However, evaluations that take only this approach are unable to identify and distinguish between individuals whose weight changes vary and those who steadily lose weight. Evaluation of weight loss considering the volatility of weight changes through a mobile-based intervention for obesity can facilitate understanding of an individual's behavior and weight changes from a longitudinal perspective.

Objective: The aim of this study is to use a machine learning approach to examine weight loss trajectories and explore factors related to behavioral and app use characteristics that induce weight loss.

Methods: We used the lifelog data of 13,140 individuals enrolled in a 16-week obesity management program on the health care app Noom in the United States from August 8, 2013, to August 8, 2019. We performed k-means clustering with dynamic time warping to cluster the weight loss time series and inspected the quality of clusters with the total sum of distance within the clusters. To identify use factors determining clustering assignment, we longitudinally compared weekly use statistics with effect size on a weekly basis.

Results: The initial average BMI value for the participants was 33.6 (SD 5.9) kg/m2, and it ultimately reached 31.6 (SD 5.7) kg/m2. Using the weight log data, we identified five clusters: cluster 1 (sharp decrease) showed the highest proportion of participants who reduced their weight by >5% (7296/11,295, 64.59%), followed by cluster 2 (moderate decrease). In each comparison between clusters 1 and 3 (yo-yo) and clusters 2 and 3, although the effect size of the difference in average meal record adherence and average weight record adherence was not significant in the first week, it peaked within the initial 8 weeks (Cohen d>0.35) and decreased after that.

Conclusions: Using a machine learning approach and clustering shape-based time series similarities, we identified 5 weight loss trajectories in a mobile weight management app. Overall adherence and early adherence related to self-monitoring emerged as potential predictors of these trajectories.
Files in This Item:
T202201487.pdf Download
DOI
10.2196/29380
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Biomedical Systems Informatics (의생명시스템정보학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Park, Yu Rang(박유랑) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4210-2094
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/188559
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