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Impact of interankle blood pressure difference on major adverse cardiovascular events in cryptogenic stroke patients without peripheral artery disease: a retrospective cohort study

Authors
 Minho Han  ;  Minyoul Baik  ;  Young Dae Kim  ;  Junghye Choi  ;  Kangsik Seo  ;  Eunjeong Park  ;  Ji Hoe Heo  ;  Hyo Suk Nam 
Citation
 BMJ OPEN, Vol.12(2) : e054760, 2022-02 
Journal Title
BMJ OPEN
Issue Date
2022-02
Keywords
neurology ; stroke ; vascular medicine
Abstract
Objective: We investigated whether interankle blood pressure difference (IAND) can predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS) without peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Retrospective medical record data of patients with first-ever acute cerebral infarction who were admitted between 1 January 2007 and 31 July 2013.

Participants: CS patients admitted within 7 days of symptom onset were included.

Outcome measures: MACEs were defined as stroke recurrence, myocardial infarction occurrence, or death. Survival analyses were conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis.

Methods: Consecutive CS patients without PAD who underwent ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurements were enrolled. PAD was defined if a patient had an ABI of <0.90 or a history of angiographically confirmed PAD. Systolic and diastolic IANDs were calculated as follows: right ankle blood pressure-left ankle blood pressure.

Results: A total of 612 patients were enrolled and followed up for a median 2.6 (interquartile range, 1.0-4.3) years. In the Cox regression analysis, systolic and diastolic IANDs ≥15 mm Hg were independently associated with MACEs in CS patients without PAD (hazard ratio (HR) 2.115, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.230 to 3.635 and HR 2.523, 95% CI 1.086 to 5.863, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, systolic IAND ≥15 mm Hg was independently associated with MACEs in older patients (age ≥65 years) (HR 2.242, 95% CI 1.170 to 4.298) but not in younger patients (age <65 years).

Conclusions: Large IAND is independently associated with the long-term occurrence of MACEs in patients with CS without PAD. In particular, the association between IAND and MACEs is only valid in elderly patients.
Files in This Item:
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DOI
10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054760
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Neurology (신경과학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Kim, Young Dae(김영대) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5750-2616
Nam, Hyo Suk(남효석) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4415-3995
Park, Eunjeong(박은정)
Baik, Minyoul(백민렬)
Heo, Ji Hoe(허지회) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9898-3321
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/188093
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