The preventive effect of breastfeeding against ovarian cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective. A recent study showed that even a few months of breastfeeding is associated with a significant de-crease in the risk of ovarian cancer in the general population. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the significance of the length of the breastfeeding period on ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Methods. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched up to June 1, 2021. We included case -control and cohort studies that contained information on breastfeeding and the risk of ovarian cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Odds ratios (OR) were meta-analytically pooled using a fixed-effects model.dd Results. Five studies, including one cohort study and four case-control studies, were included in this meta -analysis. Of the 14,601 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, the overall pooled OR of ever having performed breastfeeding in patients who had ovarian cancer was 0.767 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.688-0.856) and 0.817 (95% CI, 0.650-1.028) for patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation, respectively. Breastfeeding for >1 year acted as a pro-tective factor in both BRCA1 [OR: 0.787 (95% CI, 0.682-0.907)] and BRCA2 [OR: 0.567 (95% CI, 0.400-0.802)] mu-tation carriers. No significant heterogeneity was present (I2 = 0%), and the funnel plot was also properly distributed, showing no publication bias. Conclusions. Breastfeeding is a preventive, modifiable factor for ovarian cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Ever having performed breastfeeding was significantly preventive for ovarian cancer in the BRCA1 mutation car-riers, however a period of 1 year or more of breastfeeding is required for a reduced ovarian cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers.