Rotavirus genotype trends from 2013 to 2018 and vaccine effectiveness in southern Vietnam

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Authors: Dung Thi Thuy Truong ; Ji-Man Kang ; Ngoc Thi Hong Tran ; Lan Trong Phan ; Hung Thanh Nguyen ; Thang Vinh Ho ; Thao Thi Thanh Nguyen ; Phuc Le Hoang ; Trang Mai Thuy Pham ; Thuy Dieu Nguyen ; Thang Anh Hoang ; Quang Chan Luong ; Quang Duy Pham ; Jong Gyun Ahn ; Sangchul Yoon ; Thuong Vu Nguyen ; Joon-Sup Yeom

Citation: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol.105 : 277-285, 2021-04

MeSH: Child ; Child, Preschool ; Feces / virology ; Female ; Gastroenteritis / epidemiology ; Gastroenteritis / prevention & control ; Genotype* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Rotavirus / genetics* ; Rotavirus / immunology* ; Rotavirus / physiology ; Rotavirus Vaccines / immunology* ; Vaccination / statistics & numerical data* ; Vietnam / epidemiology

Keywords: Genotype ; Rotarix ; Rotavirus ; Surveillance ; Vaccine ; Vaccine effectiveness ; Vietnam

Abstract: Objectives: Rotavirus (RV) genotypes vary geographically, and this can affect vaccine effectiveness (VE). This study investigated the genotype distribution of RV and explored VE before introducing the RV vaccine to the national immunization programme in Vietnam.

Methods: This hospital-based surveillance study was conducted at Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City in 2013-2018. Stool samples and relevant data, including vaccination history, were collected from children aged <5 years who were hospitalized with gastroenteritis. RV was detected using enzyme immunoassays and then genotyped. Children aged ≥6 months were included in the VE analysis.

Results: Overall, 5176 children were included in this study. RV was detected in 2421 children (46.8%). RV positivity decreased over the study period and was associated with age, seasonality, location and previous vaccination. Among 1105 RV-positive samples, G3P[8] was the most prevalent genotype (43.1%), followed by G8P[8] (19.7%), G1P[8] (12.9%) and G2P[4] (12.9%). Overall VE was 69.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 53.3-80.6%] in fully vaccinated children and 58.6% (95% CI 44.1-69.4%) in children who had received at least one dose of RV vaccine. VE was highest for G3P[8] (95% CI 75.1-84.5%) and lowest for G2P[4] (95% CI 32.4-57.2%).

Conclusions: RV remains a major cause of acute gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization in southern Vietnam. The RV vaccine is effective, but its effectiveness varies with RV genotype.