인공지능 의료와 법제

Abstract

Watson for Oncology, which was introduced for the first time in Korea in December 2016, showed the potential to utilize artificial intelligence medicine as it was used as a medical aid for cancer patients by acquiring imaging medical data reading methods through machine learning. In U.S., an artificial intelligence medical device that diagnoses diabetic retinopathy without the intervention of an ophthalmologist has been developed and is being used in U.S. hospitals by obtaining FDA approval. In addition, digital therapeutics such as tablet PC-based reminiscence therapy that treats cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's, and artificial intelligence chatbots that provide cognitive behavioral therapy such as depression through Facebook messengers or exclusive apps are being developed. As such, artificial intelligence medicine is a tool that provides not only auxiliary functions of cancer diagnosis and treatment, but also health management, and personalized health advice for chronic disease such as heart disease, diabetes, and Alzheimer's. Artificial intelligence medicine is not a substitute for human doctors yet, but with the waves of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it is deeply penetrating the health care sector enough to affect the quality of people's lives, and it is also bringing about changes in communication and norms in the healthcare and medical environment. Changes in communication between medical practitioner and patients due to artificial intelligence that converges into medical care are foreshadowing the impact of the paradigm of existing norms and legislation. In this paper, the followings is examined ; the aspects of artificial intelligence entering the realm of medical care, the changes in the relationships between artificial intelligence and human doctors, and the normative factors in it, and create public legal influences such as the basic rights of personal rights, the protection of privacy, the principle of equality, and the responsibility of medical actions surrounding artificial intelligence and the permission of medical devices. By reviewing the points from the perspective of public law along with the development of medical artificial intelligence, it can help predict the direction in which norms should move in the application of health care in which artificial intelligence is integrated.