중년 성인의 건강증진행위, 자기효능감, 부부친밀감과 성공적 노화

Abstract

This study was a descriptive survey study conducted to prepare primary data for the successful aging of middle-aged adults and prepare for the aged society by identifying the degree of health promotion behavior, self-efficiency, marital intimacy and successful aging of middle-aged adults, and understanding their relationships with successful aging. We studied 110 middle-aged adults between the ages of 40 and 65 living in Wonju, Gangwon Province from September 4, 2018 to September 28, 2018. Health promotion behavior was measured by a tool developed by Walker, Sechrist, & Pender(1987) and a public health exercise field was added to it by Seo(2000) and it was modified by Ko(2008). Self-efficacy was measured by a tool developed by Schwarzer & Jerusalem(1992) and it was adapted into Korean by Lee, Schwarzer, & Jerusalem(1994). Marital Intimacy was measured by a tool developed by Lee(1998). Successful Aging was measured by a tool modified by Seo(2011). Seo(2011) modified and reconstructed the study of Sung & Cho(2006) and Kim(2008), who proposed a successful aging model for the elderly in Korea using the components of Rowe & Kahn(1997). The collected data was analyzed by Independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient using SPSS WIN 23.0 program. The main results of this study were as follows. 1) The grand mean score for each variable was 2.92 points for health promotion behavior, 2.91 points for self-efficacy, 3.57 points for marital intimacy and 3.69 points for successful aging. 2) Considering general characteristics, the results of analyzing health promotion behavior, self-efficacy, marital intimacy and successful aging were as follows. Health promotion behavior showed statistically significant differences by gender (t= -2.88, p=.005) and job status (t=-2.33, p=.022). The degree of health promotion behavior of female and the unemployed were higher than that of male and the employed. The degree of self-efficacy showed statistically significant differences by monthly income (F=3.82, p=.025) and perceived health status (t=2.00, p=.048). The degree of self-efficacy of the people who earned more than four million won per month was higher than the people who earned less than two million won per month. Also, the degree of self-efficacy of the people who perceived their health status as ‘very good’ or ‘good’ was higher than that of the people who perceived their health status as ‘normal’ or ‘bad’. The degree of marital intimacy showed statistically significant differences by gender (t=2.05, p=.043), monthly income (F=3.33, p=.040) and perceived health status (t=2.31, p=.023). The degree of marital intimacy of male, the people who earned more than four million won per month, and the people who perceived their health status as ‘very good’ or ‘good’ was higher than that of female, the people who earn less than two million won per month, and the people who perceived their health status as ‘normal’ or ‘bad’. The degree of successful aging showed statistically significant differences by perceived health status (F=4.32, p=.023). The degree of successful aging of the people who perceived their health status as ‘very good’ or ‘good’ was higher than that of the people who perceived their health status as ‘normal’ or ‘bad’. 3) Regarding the relationship among health promotion behavior, self-efficacy, marital intimacy and successful aging, the higher degree of health promotion behavior (r=.591, p<.001), self-efficacy (r=.309, p=.002) and marital intimacy (r=.339, p=.001) led to more successful aging. These results showed that there is a positive correlation among health promotion behavior, self-efficacy, marital intimacy and successful aging of middle-aged adults. It is meaningful that we provided primary data, which is suggesting the need of developing various strategies and programs to improve health promotion behavior, self-efficacy and marital intimacy.