Antimalarials/therapeutic use ; Chloroquine/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Malaria, Vivax/complications* ; Malaria, Vivax/drug therapy ; Malaria, Vivax/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasmodium vivax/isolation & purification ; Primaquine/therapeutic use ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retinal Hemorrhage/etiology* ; Retinal Hemorrhage/parasitology
Abstract
Retinal hemorrhage is a frequently observed sign in Plasmodium falciparum infection. In Plasmodium vivax infection, however, retinal hemorrhage is very rare; only five cases have been reported in the literature. In this case report, we review the literature and the case of 52-year-old man who had retinal hemorrhages in P. vivax infection. We analyzed the structural characteristics of the lesions using fluorescein angiography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of retinal hemorrhage in malaria patients, even those with P. vivax infection, and should consider a diagnosis of malaria in a patient with unexplained retinal hemorrhage and fever.