Age-differential association between serum uric acid and incident hypertension

Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests a positive association between the serum uric acid (SUA) level and incident hypertension. However, the association has been inconsistent based on age, sex, body mass index, and lipid profiles. Thus, we investigated whether there is an interaction between SUA and other risk factors on incident hypertension in the Korean general population. In this study, 808 participants aged 40-79 years were included. They were free of hypertension and major cardiovascular disease at baseline. Incident hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive medication. To investigate whether the association between SUA and incident hypertension is modified by other risk factors for hypertension, a generalized linear model and Z test were used. During the mean follow-up of 3.3 years, 11.5% of men and 10.7% of women developed hypertension. The association between SUA and incident hypertension was inconsistent according to participant age (p for interaction = 0.009). The association between SUA level and incident hypertension was positively significant among people aged < 55 years (relative risk 1.74 per 1.0 mg/dL of SUA; p = 0.002), but there was no significant association among people aged ≥ 55 years (p = 0.894). In a secondary analysis, the SUA level was not associated with an increase in SBP, but positively associated with DBP. We observed an age-differential association between SUA level and incident hypertension among Koreans. An increased SUA level can be a trigger for hypertension through early vascular changes in the middle-aged population.