Clinical Results of Transarterial Embolization to Control Postoperative Vascular Complications after Partial Nephrectomy

Abstract

PURPOSE: We evaluated the safety and clinical efficacy of transarterial embolization of vascular complications after partial nephrectomy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 1,187 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy between January 2006 and December 2017. A total of 36 patients were referred to the interventional radiology department for vascular complications after partial nephrectomy. Data on demographics, clinical manifestations, angiographic findings, the embolization procedure, perioperative details, and technical and clinical success rates were analyzed. Further, renal function was recorded at diagnosis, after embolization and at the last followup.

RESULTS: Hemorrhage was diagnosed a median of 5 days (range 0 to 89) postoperatively. The incidence of requiring embolization due to hemorrhage after laparoscopic surgery (5.9% or 17 of 289 cases) was higher than that after open surgery (1.8% or 8 of 440, p = 0.003) and robot-assisted surgery (2.4% or 11 of 458, p = 0.014). The technical and clinical success rates were 100% (36 of 36 patients) and 94.4% (34 of 36) with 2 patients requiring additional embolization with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue. The mean ± SD estimated glomerular filtration rate at diagnosis, after embolization and at last followup was 81.0 ± 21.6, 83.7 ± 21.0 and 84.9 ± 15.8 ml/minute/1.73 m2, respectively (p = 0.345). No major complication was observed during followup.

CONCLUSIONS: Transarterial embolization is safe and effective for managing vascular complications after partial nephrectomy. Moreover, renal function was well preserved with super selective transarterial embolization.