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Nasal commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis enhances interferon-λ-dependent immunity against influenza virus

Authors
 Hyun Jik Kim  ;  Ara Jo  ;  Yung Jin Jeon  ;  Sujin An  ;  Kang-Mu Lee  ;  Sang Sun Yoon  ;  Jae Young Choi 
Citation
 Microbiome, Vol.7(1) : 80, 2019 
Journal Title
MICROBIOME
Issue Date
2019
Keywords
Influenza A virus ; Innate immunity ; Interferon ; Microbiome ; Nasal commensal
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most abundant colonizers of healthy human mucosa including that in the respiratory tract. As the respiratory microbiome has been linked to host immune responses, this study sought to determine the role of nasal mucosa-associated S. epidermidis in innate immune responses against the influenza A virus (IAV). S. epidermidis strains were isolated from nasal mucus samples of healthy individuals. The effects of these mucosa-derived commensal strains on interferon (IFN)-dependent innate immunity and IAV infection dynamics were tested in vitro using normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE) cells and human turbinate mucosa. The effects of S. epidermidis on antiviral immunity were also tested in vivo using an acute IAV infection mouse model.

RESULTS: Exposure of NHNE cells to nasal mucosa-derived S. epidermidis increased IFN-λ mRNA and secreted protein levels in the absence of viral stimulation. In the context of IAV infection, NHNE exposure to S. epidermidis prevented an increase in the viral burden, as revealed by IAV PA mRNA abundance, IAV nucleoprotein levels, and viral titers. S. epidermidis also enhanced transcription of IFN-stimulated genes independently of Toll-like receptor 2 and further induced IFN-λ production in IAV-infected cells by promoting phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 7. In a murine infection model, S. epidermidis prevented the spread of IAV to the lungs by stimulating IFN-λ innate immunity and suppressing IAV replication in the nasal mucosa.

CONCLUSION: The human nasal commensal S. epidermidis mediates front-line antiviral protection against IAV infection through modulation of IFN-λ-dependent innate immune mechanisms in the nasal mucosa, thereby demonstrating the role of host-bacterial commensalism in shaping human antiviral responses.
Files in This Item:
T201902405.pdf Download
DOI
10.1186/s40168-019-0691-9
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Microbiology (미생물학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology (이비인후과학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Yoon, Sang Sun(윤상선) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-365X
Lee, Kang Mu(이강무) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7414-5921
Choi, Jae Young(최재영) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9493-3458
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/170907
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