Association between breakfast frequency and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: a cross-sectional study of KNHANES data, 2014-2016

Abstract

The burden ofcardiovasculardisease(CVD) is increasing worldwide and one related lifestyle choice isbreakfastconsumption. Thisstudyexamined theassociationbetweenbreakfastfrequencyand the 10-yearriskofatheroscleroticCVD (ASCVD). The 10-yearriskof ASCVD was defined as theriskof the first event of nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary heartdiseasedeath, and nonfatal or fatal stroke within 10 years.Datafrom the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,2014-2016were analyzed, and 7212 participants aged 40-79 years with no history of CVD were included. ASCVDriskwas calculated according to the pooled cohort ASCVD equation, and participants with a score >7.5% were considered at highriskof ASCVD. Theassociationbetweenbreakfastfrequencyand high ASCVDriskwas confirmed by logistic regression analysis. Participants who never atebreakfastwere more likely to be in the high-riskgroup compared to participants who atebreakfast>5 times per week (OR (adjusted odds ratio) = 1.46; 95% CI (confidence interval) = 1.12-1.89), and theriskwas especially higher in female participants and those with a family history of CVD. Ourstudyconfirms thatbreakfastconsumption even once per week may prevent CVD.