Intracranial Pial Arteriovenous Fistula Presenting as Brain Hemorrhage in Newborn Infants

Abstract

Congenital intracranial pial arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are rare cerebrovascular lesions. Their clinical manifestations tend to vary according to age, with pediatric populations being more likely to have symptoms like congestive cardiac failure and seizures because of arteriovenous shunting; hemorrhage is the major presentation in adult populations. Pediatric populations, especially newborn infants, seldom experience a hemorrhagic event. Here, we report two rare cases of neonates with congenital pial AVF presenting as intraventricular and subdural hemorrhage, respectively, which were treated with endovascular embolization.