대기 부유분진중 다핵방향족탄화수소류 (Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons)의 오염에 관한 연구 : 서울시 신촌지역을 중심으로

Abstract

[한글]

대기부유분진의 구성성분 중에는 인체 및 동식물에 피해를 주는 탄화수소류, 중금속류, 황산염 및 질산염 등을 함유함으로 중요한 직접적인 공중보건학적 지표로서 사용되며, 또한 생활환경의 질을 저하시키는 원인이 되므로 간접적인 지표로도 사용된다.

대기부유분진 중의 다핵방향족 탄화수소류(이하: PAHs)는 발암원성 및 돌연변이원성을 나타냄으로 이는 근대의 암발생이 증가되고 있는 질병양상과도 깊은 관계가 있다고 본다.

그러나 우리나라에서는 부유분진 중 PAH8의 오염도에 관하여는 구체적인 조사연구가 적어 그 피해 및 영향에 대한 평가가 미흡한 실정에 있다.

따라서 본 연구는 발암성의 원인이 되는 대기부유분진의 유해성분 중 PAHs의 오염정도를 파악하기 위하여 시도되었다.

본 연구에서는 서울시 신촌지역 (준상얼.교통지역 )을 대상으로 1987년 8월, 10월, 12월, 1788년 2월의 부유분진을 high volume cascade impactor air sampler로 포집하여 ethor 용매에 유기물을 추측 및 분획화한 후, 박층크로마토그래피를 이용하여 PAHs를 분리하

고, capillary column 가스크로마토그래피로 동정 및 정량분석하여 다음과 갈은 결과를 얻었다.

첫째, 대기부유분진의 분포는 0∼0.39 ㎛와 4.2 ∼ 10.2 ㎛부근에서 최대치가 나타나 이산형분포(bimodal distribution)임을 보여 주었다. 미세입자농도는 비난방기에 95.7㎍/㎡, 난방기에 113.4㎍/㎡으로 난방기에 오염도가 높았으며 조대입자농도는 비난방기에 62.8㎍/㎡, 난방기에 71.5 ㎍/㎡이었다.

총 부유분진 중 미세입자와 조대입자의 비율은 6대 4로서 미세입자가 약1.5배 높았다.

둘째, 대기부유분진 중 ether용매 추출 유기물농도(extractable ether organic matter :이하 EEOM )를 측정한 결과 미세입자의 EEOM 농도는 비난방기에 5.54㎍/㎡, 난방기에 8.31 ㎍/㎡7이었다. 조대입자의 EEOM농도는 비난방기에 2.33 ㎍/㎡, 난방기에 2.96 ㎍/㎡이었다, 미세입자와 조대입자에서의 EEOM농도 비율은 7대3으로 미세입자의 EEOM농도가 약2.3배 높았다.

셋째, 대기 중 미세입자와 조대입자 중 19종의 PAHs를 조사분석한 결과 Pyrene이 각각 평균 1.52 ㎎/㎡(0.38-4.53 ㎎/㎡), 0.48 ㎎/㎡ (0.20-1.04 ㎎/㎡)으로 가장 높은 오염도를 나타내었다. 미세입자 중 높은 오염도를 나타낸 PAHs는 fluoranthene, chrysene, benz

o(ｂ)flucranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene 으로 평균이 각각 1.33 ㎎/㎡ 1.32㎎/㎡, 1.23 ㎎/㎡, 1.42 ㎎/㎡ 그리고1.06 ㎎/㎡이었다.

넷째 ,난방기와 비난방기에 있어서 대기부유분진중 PAHs의 오염도는 조대입자에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 미세입자에서는 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(P<0.01 ). 월별오염도는 1987년8월과 1988년2월. 1987년10월과 1988년2월간에 유의한 차이가(P<0.01) 8월과 10월에 비해 2월에 오염도가 높음을 나타내었다.

이상외 결과에서 보면 대기부유분진 중 PAHs의 농도는 조대입자에 비해 호흡가능한 미세입자에 많이 포함되어 있으며, 비난방기에 비해 난방기애 높은 오염도를 나타내었다,

본 연구는 일부지역만을 대상으로 하였으나 앞으로는 지역에 따른 측정지점을 확대하여 지역별 오염실태와 발암원성 PAHs에 대한 위해성평가(rick assesament)를 함으로써 인체의 피해 및 오염방지 대책에 대한 연구가 요망된다.

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) of Ambient Air Suspended Particulates in

Sinchon Area of Seoul

Sung Woo Choi

Department of Public Health The Graduate Sohool Yonsei University

(Directed by professor Yong Chung, Ph.D)

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHb) are a significant submit of

environmental chemical pollutants . Many of PAHs have been proved to be mutagens

and/or carcinogens.

In this study, the concentrations of PAHs In coarse(≥2.1 ㎛) and fine (<2.1 ㎛)

particles was investigated in suspended particulates at Shinchon area of Seoul.

The particle size of suspended particulates was measured bimonthly by a High

volume cascade impactor air sampler from August 1987 to Februaly 1958. The

suspended particulates were extracted by ether organic solution end PAHs were

extracted by ether organic solution and PAHs were isolated by than-layer

chromatography and their concentrations were finally determined by capillary column

gas chromatography.

The results were as follows:

1) The concentrations Of suspended particulates showed bimodal distribution weich

had high valuers at the 0-3.97㎛ and 4.2-1O.2㎛ size range. The mean Concentration

of coarse particles during non-beating season was 62.8 ㎍/㎡ 1and 71.5 ㎍/㎡ during

heating season which showed no great difference.

While the concentration of fine particles of suspended particulates was 95.7 ㎍

/㎡ during non-heating season, the concentration during beating season was 113.4 ㎍

/㎡.

2) The mean concentrations of extractable ether organic matters(EEOM) In coarse

particles were 2.33 ㎍/㎡ during non-heating season and 2.96 ㎍/㎡ during beating

season. The mean concentrations of EEOM In fine particles were 5.54 ㎍/㎡ during

n7n-beating season arid 8.31 ㎍/㎡ during heating season which showed higher

concentration during heating season than that during non-beating season.

3) pyrene was detected at the mean concentration of 0.48 ng/㎡ (0.20- 1.04 ng/㎡)

which was the highest level among PAHs In coarse particles. Pyrene In fine

particles was also detected as the highest leveL with the mean concentration of

1.52 ng/㎡ (0.38-4.53 ng/㎡).

Ambient air concentrations of fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo(ｂ) fluoranthene,

benzo(ａ) pyrene, benzo(ｇｈｉ,)perylene had the mean values of 1.33 ng/㎡, 1.32

ng/㎡, 1.23 ng/㎡.1.42 ng/㎡ and 1.06 ng/㎡, respectively.

4) The concentration of PAHs measured In August and October had statistically

significant difference to the value measured In February In fine particles.

From the above results, It is concluded that the level of

PAHs In suspended particulates are higher In fine particles than in coarse

particles and higher during beating season than during non-heating season.

Therefore, the increased concentration of PAHs in heating season may be caused by

the increment of fuel consumption.

The variable contents and levels of PAHs in suspended particulates can affect to

human health significantly. Further studios such as rusk assessment should be

conducted on the basins of this kind of studies.

[영문]

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHb) are a significant submit of environmental chemical pollutants . Many of PAHs have been proved to be mutagens and/or carcinogens.

In this study, the concentrations of PAHs In coarse(≥2.1 ㎛) and fine (<2.1 ㎛) particles was investigated in suspended particulates at Shinchon area of Seoul.

The particle size of suspended particulates was measured bimonthly by a High volume cascade impactor air sampler from August 1987 to Februaly 1958. The suspended particulates were extracted by ether organic solution end PAHs were extracted by ether organic solution and PAHs were isolated by than-layer

chromatography and their concentrations were finally determined by capillary column gas chromatography.

The results were as follows:

1) The concentrations Of suspended particulates showed bimodal distribution weich had high valuers at the 0-3.97㎛ and 4.2-1O.2㎛ size range. The mean Concentration of coarse particles during non-beating season was 62.8 ㎍/㎡ 1and 71.5 ㎍/㎡ during

heating season which showed no great difference.

While the concentration of fine particles of suspended particulates was 95.7 ㎍ /㎡ during non-heating season, the concentration during beating season was 113.4 ㎍ /㎡.

2) The mean concentrations of extractable ether organic matters(EEOM) In coarse particles were 2.33 ㎍/㎡ during non-heating season and 2.96 ㎍/㎡ during beating season. The mean concentrations of EEOM In fine particles were 5.54 ㎍/㎡ during

n7n-beating season arid 8.31 ㎍/㎡ during heating season which showed higher concentration during heating season than that during non-beating season.

3) pyrene was detected at the mean concentration of 0.48 ng/㎡ (0.20- 1.04 ng/㎡) which was the highest level among PAHs In coarse particles. Pyrene In fine particles was also detected as the highest leveL with the mean concentration of 1.52 ng/㎡ (0.38-4.53 ng/㎡).

Ambient air concentrations of fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo(ｂ) fluoranthene, benzo(ａ) pyrene, benzo(ｇｈｉ,)perylene had the mean values of 1.33 ng/㎡, 1.32 ng/㎡, 1.23 ng/㎡.1.42 ng/㎡ and 1.06 ng/㎡, respectively.

4) The concentration of PAHs measured In August and October had statistically significant difference to the value measured In February In fine particles.

From the above results, It is concluded that the level of

PAHs In suspended particulates are higher In fine particles than in coarse particles and higher during beating season than during non-heating season.

Therefore, the increased concentration of PAHs in heating season may be caused by the increment of fuel consumption.

The variable contents and levels of PAHs in suspended particulates can affect to mhuman health significantly. Further studios such as rusk assessment should be conducted on the basins of this kind of studies.