한 농촌자활급식학교에 있어서 학교급식이 아동들의 성장발육에 미친 영향에 관한 연구

Abstract

[한글]

우리나라에서 이미 실시되고 있는 학교급식의 효과를 많은 사람들이 여러관점에서 평가하고 있으나 본 논문에서는 급식의 효과가 학생들의 성장발육에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 비교적 인구 이동이 제한된 농촌지역에서, 인접하고 있는 급식교와 비급식교 두학교를 선정하여, 주어진 급식의 수혜를 완전히 받은 기초조사 당시 8, 9, 10세의 연령군을 택하여 (1) 2년간의 성장발육상태를 추적하여 보고 (2) 이들을 다시 경제상태별로 나누어 경제상태군별로 본 두 학교 연령군간의 발육상태를 비교하여 보고 (3) 여기서 얻어진 결과의 통계적 유의성을 검증해 보려고 했다.

이상의 목적을 위하여 아동의 ① 성장발육상태를 비교하기 위해서 키, 몸무게, 흉위, 악력을 조사하고 의사의 진찰소견을 통하여 각종질환의 발생을 보았고 대변, 혈액 같은 가검물을 통한 검사를 하여 72년 기초조사당시와 비교한 각각의 실수(實數)값을 얻었고

② 얻어진 실수값을 경제상태 상, 중, 하 군으로 나누어 두 학교간 차이의 유의성을 t-test를 통하여 검증해 보았다.

이러한 방법으로 얻은 결과는 ① 신장, 체중, 흉위, 악력의 증가폭에 있어서는 급식교가 비급식교보다 앞서고 있었으나 검증결과는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않고 있다. 질병발생율은 양교 모두 기초 조사시 보다 비타민 결핍이 떨어지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 병리검사에서는 양교사이에 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다.

② 경제상태별로 비교해 본 결과는 경제상태 하군에서 보다는 경제상태 중군에서 약간의 차이가 있었으나 유의한 차이는 아니었다.

이상의 결과로 본 연구는 이루어진 학교급식의 효과를 평가하기에는 너무 짧은 시간이었고 극히 제한된 관점에서 보았으나 선택된 두 학교간에 급식의 효과를 찾아 볼 수 없었다.

[영문]

It is obvious that adequate nutrition is essential for growth and development of school children, and many elementary schools in this country have already practiced it.

Therefore, it would seem apparent that the school lunch-feeding program would have a significant effect on the growth and development of school children.

This paper presents a two-year experimental school-feeding program fro 1973 to 1974, and attempts to evaluate its effects by before-and-after nutrition surveys conducted in two elementary schools, one experimental and the other as a control. The two schools are both located in the same county(Yong In Kun, Kyung Gi Do), and the families of their students are presumed to share the same socioeconomic level.

To assess the effect of school-feeding, we measured height, weight, chest circumference and grasping power. Physical examination was done for signs of nutritional deficiency A stool Examination for parasites and blood examinations for hemoglobin, hematocrit and serum protein were included Analyses were done for 150 students selected randomly at the beginning of the program. These students attended the school throughout the program period.

Results are as follows:

1. The amount of increase of height, weight, chest cirumference and grasping power were greater in the experimental school than in the control school, but the differences are not statistically significant.

2. Signs of vitamin deficiency decreased in both experimental and control schools during the two-year program period.

3. At the time of the 1974 post-survey, values of Hb. & Hct. revealed no significant differences between the two schools, but serum protein level was a little higher than that of general Korean rural children of the same age.

4. Infestation rate of parasites had increased in both schools during the two-year program period.

5. Each student of the two schools was classified into three major classes, according to the level of economic condition of his or her parents, namely higher, middle and lower. The results of each class of the experimental school was compared with that of the corresponding class of the control school, expecting the relative magnitude of change largest in the lower economic class of the experimental school. However, change was greatest in the middle class, still not being statistically significant.

Finally, the author concluded that the two-year period for such a program is not sufficiently long for its beneficial effects to be demonstrated and measured. As long as the growth and development of children are concerned, planning with a more distant perspective is required, as well as the development of new methods of evaluation.