부산과 경남지역에 있어서의 학교보건활동에 관한 조사연구

Abstract

[한글]

학교교육의 보다 나은 질적향상을 위해서 학교에 있어서의 건강 관리 및 보건활동은 중요하다. 그러나 우리나라에서는 아직도 학교 보건사업은 만족스럽지 못하다. 무엇보다도 학교보건활동에 있어서 문제의 발견 및 해결이 급선무인 것을 알고 본 조사연구는 부산과 경남지역에서 학교보건문제를 발견코져 시도한 것이다. 조사대상지역내에 649교를 대상으로 설문지를 우송하여 회신을 받아 자료처리하였다.

조사내용은 학교의 크기, 종류 및 위치에 따라서 보건봉사, 환경위생, 보건교육, 보건계획, 요원활동 및 예산면을 조사하였다. 즉, 독립된 보건실, 보건실에 비치해야 할 기구와 비품은 충분한 단계에 이르지 못하고 있으며 특히 구급처리에 관한 기구비치도 62.3%

에서 불만족하였다. 학교급수는 아직도 약 반수가 상수도이외의 수원에 의존하고 있는 형편이다.

학교보건요원중에서도 가장 중요한 위치에 있는 양호교사(간호원)가 배치되어 있는 학교는 전체대상학교중에서 겨우 반수밖에 안 된다.

보건예산은 연간 50만원이상으로서 비교적 알맞게 마련되고 있는 학교는 약 18%밖에 안되며 보건사업의 계획이나 보건위원회의 조직에 있어서도 부진상태이다.

양호교사의 역할, 기능 및 질적향상을 위한 보수교육등 논의할 여지가 적지않다.

[영문]

A fact-finding survey for school health activities in the Busan and Kyeong Nam areas was conducted through the mail. The questionnaires were sent to school health personnel in 649 schools which are located in the Busan and Kyeong Nam areas. Among those schools, 476 responded to the questionnaires.

Results obtained from the survey were as follows:

1. 74 of the schools in the survey were located in Busan, 50 in Kyeong Nam urban areas, and 352 in Kyeong Nam Gun areas.

2. Many schools (70.5%) had less than 1,000 students. By district, in Busan the largest schools had from 2,000 to 2,9999 pupils in primary schools, and 1,000 to 1,999 students in middle and high schools respectively.

However, in Kyeong Nam city areas, primary schools usually had less than 1,000 pupils while most middle and high schoolds had from 1,000 to 1,999. In Kyeong Nam Gun areas, most of the primary, middle and high schools had less than 1,000 students.

3. The schools which had less than 18 classes in the survey occupied the majority with 66.5%, while in Busan most schools, including primary, middle and high schools, had more than 18 classes. In kyeong Nam city and Gun areas, most of the primary, middle and high schools had less than 18 classes.

4. 51.9% of the schools had health rooms. In Busan, 73% of the schools had health rooms, in Kyeong Nam city areas more than 55.6%, and in Kyeong Nam Gun areas more than 42.9%.

5. Only 48.8% of the surveyed schools had more than 6 kinds of equipment in the health room. In Busan, more than 92.9% of schools had more than 6 kinds of equipment. In Kyeong Nam city areas, over 51.5% of schools had more than 6 kinds of equipment but in Kyeong Nam Gun areas, 64.9% of schools had less than 5 kinds of equipment in primary schools. Also medical instruments provided for emergency care and preventive measures in 62.3% of the schools numbered less than 4 kinds.

6. As for water source in the schools, 50.8% utilized waterworks 47.9% of which were underground wells. Refuse and garbage were treated by incineration in 48.5% of the schools. This was the commonest method.

7. As for health personnel, those schools having school nurses only were 9.2%, but 6.7% had school nurses and doctors, 4.4% had nurses, doctors and dentists, 4.4% had nurses, doctors dentists and pharmacist and 19.7% had teachers who were responsible for school health and 55.6% had no health personnel at all.

8. 18% of all schools budgeted less than 50,000 Won for health purposes. In Busan, 28.3% of the schools had health budgets of 500,000 Won or more. In the Kyeong Nam city areas 12.1% had budgets of 500,000 Won or more. 58.1% of all schools had planned budgets for school health projects.

9. The schools which organized school health committees were 13.0% or less. These schools which carry out health education were 29.1%, while those which utilize even one kind audio-visual equipment were 40.8%.

10. Pertaining to the educational background for school nurses, these who graduated from nursing school and nursing junior college comprised 33.0%, which appeared to be the highest, but nursing school teachers who graduated from nursing college were no more than 5.2% and they were all concentrated in Busan city. the longest duration of service of school nurses was from one to three years (39.1%), whereas these who had additional education and training during their employment were 36.3%, and those with emergency care training were 50.7%, which was also the highest among other services. School nurses who take charge of health education themselves were 24.8%. Water supply facilities in environmental health management were 45.9%, and 36.7% of the schools maintained cooperation with local communities.

11. The commonest place where students were involved in accidents was the playground, 49.8%, and most accidents 58.8% occurred in the afternoon.

12. Proposals for carrying out school health projects were as follows:

Requests for more budget for school health 46.0%, understanding and cooperation of school teachers 49.3%, security of school doctors and dentists 47.1% and water supply facilities 21.5% respectively.