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자기조절프로그램이 고혈압환자의 혈압조절 및 자가간호행위에 미치는 효과

Authors
 추향임 
Issue Date
2008
Description
가정간호/석사
Abstract
[한글]

본 연구는 보건진료소에 등록된 고혈압 환자에게 자기조절프로그램과 일반고혈압 관리를 각각 실시한 후 혈압변화 및 자가간호행위의 수행정도를 비교함으로써 고혈압 관리에서 자기조절프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위해 비동등성 대조군 전후 설계를 적용한 유사실험연구이다.

자기조절프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위해 2008년 3월 24일부터 5월 31일까지 일 보건진료소에 등록된 고혈압 환자 30명을 실험군으로 하여 중재를 적용하였으며 실험군과는 다른 보건진료소에 등록된 고혈압 환자 중 연령과 성별을 고려한 짝짓기 방법으로 대조군 30명을 선정하였다. 실험군 중 1명이 부상으로 탈락하여 59명을 최종 연구대상으로 하였다.

실험절차는 보건진료소에 등록된 고혈압 환자를 대상으로 면담하여 실험전 일반적 및 질병관련 특성과 고혈압 환자 개개인의 질병상태와 요구도에 맞게 구조화된 교육자료를 통한 개별교육을 30분간 실시하였고 자가혈압 측정을 위한 교육과 함께 자가혈압계를 제공하였으며 사전, 2주, 4주, 6주, 8주간의 면담을 수행하였다. 프로그램 사전, 4주후, 8주에 혈압을 측정하였으며 자가간호행위 수행정도를 설문지로 평가하였다.

연구도구는 박영임(1994)이 개발한 주관적인 자가간호행위 측정도구로 고혈압 환자의 자가간호 행위와 관련된 식이요법(저염, 저지방), 흡연, 운동, 음주 커피섭취, 휴식 등의 건강 행위 도구를 바탕으로 연구자가 환자에 맞게 약물복용을 추가하여 8문항으로 수정?보완한 도구를 사용하였다. ‘전혀 하지 않음’ 1점에서 ‘아주 잘 한다’의 4점까지 이루어진 Liker 척도로 총 8문항이며 가능한 점수는 8점-32점이며, 점수가 높을수록 자가간호행위 수행 정도가 높음을 의미한다. 혈압은 수은혈압계(Baumanometer , W.A. BAUM CO. INC.)를 이용하여 측정하였다.

수집된 자료의 분석은 SPSS 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 전산통계 하였으며 두 집단의 동질성 검증은 백분율과 χ2-test 및 t-test, 자기조절프로그램의 효과는 independent t-test를 이용하여 검증하였다.

본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다.

1) 제1가설 “자기조절프로그램을 제공받은 본태성 고혈압 환자는 제공받지 않은 고혈압 환자보다 수축기 혈압 및 이완기 혈압이 감소할 것이다”라는 가설은 지지되었다.

프로그램 적용 전에 비해 적용 4주 후 실험군의 수축기 혈압 및 이완기압의 감소 변화는 대조군의 수축기(t=4.336, p<.001) 및 이완기압의 변화와 비교할 때(t=2.590 p=.012) 각각 유의한 차이가 있었으며 실험군의 변화량이 더 크게 나타났다.

프로그램 적용 전에 비해 적용 8주 후 실험군의 수축기 혈압 및 이완기압의 감소 변화는 대조군의 수축기(t=4.230, p<.001) 및 이완기압의 변화와 비교할 때(t=2.753 p<.001) 각각 유의한 차이가 있었으며 실험군의 변화량이 더 크게 나타났다.

2) 제 2가설 “자기조절프로그램을 제공받은 본태성 고혈압 환자는 제공받지 않은 고혈압 환자보다 자가간호행위 수행능력이 높을 것이다”라는 가설은 일부 지지되었다.

실험군의 자가간호행위 수행정도 증가 변화와 대조군의 변화를 프로그램 적용 전과 적용 4주 후 사이(t=-6.461, p<.001)와 프로그램 적용 전과 8주 후 사이(t=-5.050, p<.001)에 비교할 때 각각 유의한 차이가 있었다. 프로그램 4주 후와 8주 후 사이의 변화에서는 두 그룹 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다.

이상의 연구결과는 자기조절프로그램이 본태성 고혈압 환자에게 실시 후 수축기 혈압 및 이완기 혈압, 자가간호행위 수행정도를 향상 시킨다는 것을 확인하였다는 것에 그 의의가 있다. 향후에는 자기조절 프로그램 적용으로 혈압조절 및 자가간호행위 증진 효과의 지속정도와 변화를 파악할 수 있는 보다 장기적인 추후연구가 이루어져야 하며. 보건진료소에서 지속적인 고혈압 관리 및 예방을 위해 본 자기조절프로그램을 활용하기를 권장한다.





[영문]

This research is an analogical experiment applied by the nonequivalent control group pre-post test design to verify the results of a self regulation program for the management of hypertension. The experiment compares the changes in blood pressure with the ability of self-care behavior after each execution of the self-regulation program and it compares the general hypertension management programs used in hospitals to that used by individual hypertensives who are registered in a community health center.

To verify the effects of the self regulation program, thirty patients with hypertension registered in a community health center were selected as the experiment group and tested from March 24, 2008, to May 31, 2008, and thirty hypertensives in a control group were selected among hypertensive patients registered in another community health center by matching age and sex. One person among the experiment group was omitted due to an injury, resulting in 59 persons comprising the final research group.

The experimental procedure is as follows.

After an interview to select hypertensives who had been registered in a community health center, individual instruction was given to the subjects for 30minutes before this experiment according to the instructions which were structured by the subject's general and clinical characteristics and the disease state and required treatment level of the individual hypertensives.

The self-check digital device operated by the objects were provided with instructions for self-monitoring of blood pressure, and the chosen hypertensives were interviewed before the experiment and on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th weeks during the experiment.

In addition, their blood pressures were measured before the experiment and on the 4th and 8th weeks during the experiment. The ability of self-care behavior was evaluated in the survey paper.

A subjective measurement tool for self-care developed by Young-im Park (1994) was used as the instrument and method for research. The researcher required the hypertensives to take medicine depending on his or her physical needs and habits. Eight edited and supplemented questions were used as the tools of inquiry based on the self-care of the hypertensives, i.e., health behaviors, including dietetic treatment (low-salinity, low-fat), smoking, exercise, drinking coffee and alcohol, and rest

A Liker scale composed of 8 questions on a continuum from 1 point for "not doing any thing," to 4 points for "doing very well" was used. The possible scores ranged from 8 to 32, which higher scores meaning higher ability of self-care behavior. Blood pressure was measures by a hemadynamometer using mercury (Baumanometer , W.A. BAUM CO. INC.).

A statistical analysis of the collecting data was taken by using a SPSS12.0/PC program, The homogeneity between the two groups was verified by percentages, χ2-test and a independent t-test. The effects of the self regulation program were verified by using an independent t-test.

The results of the experiment are as follows.

1) The first hypothesis was supported, i.e., The blood pressure in the systolic phase and in the diastolic phase of hypertensives who are provided a self regulation program will be reduced more than that of the control group of hypertensives.

In comparison to the hypertensives' condition before the program, by the 4th week of the experiment there was a significance difference in the reduction of blood pressure in both the diastolic phase and the systolic phase compared to the systolic phase (t=4.336, p<.001) and the diastolic phase (t=2.590 p=.012) of the control group. The changes in the blood pressure of the experimental group differ greatly.

The hypertensives' condition before the program was significantly different from that of the control group by the 8th week of the experiment. These differences were in the reduction of blood pressure in the diastolic phase and in the systolic phase comparing to the systolic phase (t=4.230, p<.001) and the changes of the diastolic phase (t=2.753 p<.001) in the control group.

The changes within experimental group's subjects differ greatly.

2) The second hypothesis was partly supported, i.e., hypertensives who are provided a self regulation program will show a better performance of self-care behavior than those who are not.

We divided the experimental time into two phases for the purpose of analysis.

1) From before the program to the 4th week (t=-6.461, p<.001),

2) From before the program to the 8th week (t=-5.050, p<.001)

When the changes in these two phases of the control group and the increase of self care behavior performance in the experiment group were compared, each showed significant differences. But between phases one and two, there is no significant difference.

The above research results are meaningful because they confirm that a self regulation program reduces the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure and improves the self care performance of hypertensives.

More long-term additional research is required to determine the changes and maintenance of self care behavior's effects and the blood pressure control by a self regulation program. It is strongly recommend to use this self regulation program for the continuous control and prevention hypertensives in community health clinics.
Full Text
https://ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/catalog/search/book-detail/?cid=CAT000000072686
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Appears in Collections:
3. College of Nursing (간호대학) > Dept. of Nursing (간호학과) > 2. Thesis
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/137206
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